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Example: SL :
01800:10:56OS Black English Dialect: and maybe she like it.
Standard American English: and maybe she likes it. TL :
01800:10:56TT Bahasa Indonesia : dan mungkin dia menyukainya.
In this example, the translation is categorized as rank-bound at word-rank. Every word in the source language is translated word by word into the target
language.
2.4. Definition of Dialect
There are two aspects defined a variant of language. Halliday, McIntosh and Stevens 1964 in Discourse and the translator state “…a framework for the
description of language variation. Two dimensions are recognized. One has to do with the user in particular language event: who or what the speakerresearcher
is.” Hatim Mason: 1990: p.39. There are user-related and use-related varieties recognized in language. User-related varieties which are known as dialects, might
be, different from one individual to another in the way a particular vowel is pronounced by an Scottish, an Englishman, or an Australian, etc. Meanwhile, use-
related varieties which are called as register different from one another in terms of its language form e.g. grammar, choice of words.
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Dialects are distinguished into several varieties as defined in the subsequent statement. Hatim Mason state, “Depending on the user, language
varies in several respects. We shall here distinguish idiolectical, geographical, temporal, social and standardnon-standard variation.” Hatim Mason: 1990:
p.39. This is shown in the following figure:
LANGUAGE VARIATION
USER USE:
dialects, etc. register, etc.
1. geographical 2. temporal
3. social 4. non- standard
5. idiolectical Hatim Mason, 1990: p.39
In terms of its variation, as mentioned above, dialects are divided into some classifications, namely: geographical, temporal, social, non- standard
dialects and idiolectical. Those classifications are further explained as follow:
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Geographical dialects
This variety is related to geographical diversity leading to dissimilar geographical dialects. On the other words, the dialect is related to the geographical origin of the
user: e.g. ‘British English’, ‘American English’, ‘Australian English’, etc. Hatim Mason state, “It should be noted that demarcation lines between regional
varieties are drawn not always on linguistic grounds but often in the light of political or cultural considerations…” 1990, p. 40.
Temporal dialects
Each period within a speech community has its own variety of linguistic style. Thus, this dialect is called temporal since it indicates an alteration of language
through time. Hatim Mason state in their book, Discourse and the translator, “Each generation has its own linguistic fashions, and, whereas change is generally
imperceptible, one has only to read a pre-war advertising text to measure the extent of this diversity.” 1990, p:41. Moreover, Catford states, “État de langue or
Temporal Dialect is variety related to the provenance of the performer, or of the text he has produced, in the time dimension: e.g. ‘Contemporary English’,
‘Elizabethan English’, ‘Middle English’.” 1965, p: 85
Social dialect
This dialect occurs due to the social levels within a society. Besides the geographical and the temporal factors, social differentiation is also shown in
language. This is also stated by Hatim Mason that social dialects occur due to social stratification within a speech community. “…Principles of equivalence
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demand that we attempt to relay the full impact of social dialect, including whatever discoursal force it may carry.” 1990, p:42
Standard dialect
This dialect is considered standard as it is generally accepted as acceptable and widely used in the speech community. In addition, Hatim Mason state,
“Although notion of ‘standardnon-standard’ is a function of prestige, like social dialect, it should not be understood as implying any linguistic value judgment.”
1990, p:43
Idiolect
This is a variety of language which is used by certain individual. Hatim Mason explain, “It has to do with ‘idiosyncratic’ ways of using language – favourite
expressions, different pronunciations of particular words as well as a tendency to over-use specific syntactic structures. …In fact, idiolectal variation subsumes
features from all the other aspects of variety discussed above: temporal, geographical, social, etc.”. 1990, p:44This individual way of speech is not
similar from one to another. According to Trudgill, “Dialect is a variety of language which differs
grammatically , phonologically and lexically from other varieties, and which is associated with a particular geographical area andor with a particular social class
or status group.” 1992, p.23. Furthermore, he states, “Varieties which differ from one another only in pronunciation are known as accents, whereas varieties
which are associated only with particular social situations are known as styles ibid. p.24
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A particular style in language could be said as a dialect if it shares the same features within the society and moreover it gives color to the community
which makes it different from any other ones.
2.5. Problems in Translation
