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and socio-cultural meaning. Thus, the translator has to understand the message of the source language completely.
2. Transfer: The translator transfers the source language or the original language into the target language or the receptor language, as stated by Nida and Taber,
“…transfer, in which the analyzed material is transferred in the mind of the translator from language A to B.” 1974:33
3. Restructuring: In this phase, the translator restructures the text or statement in the receptor language so that it will sound more natural and the target reader
will easily catch the whole message. Nida and Taber states, “Restructuring in the transferred material is restructured in order to make final message is fully
acceptable in the receptor language.”1974:33
2.3. Types of Translation
The types of translation used in analyzing the data are based on the rank scale, as stated by Catford 1974:25.
I.A. Literal Translation “Literal translation lies between free translation and word-for-ford
translation. It may start, as it were, from a word-for-word translation, but make changes in conformity with TL grammar e.g. inserting additional words,
changing structures at any rank, etc.” Catford, 1965:25. Nababan states, “Penerjemahan harfiah literal translation terletak antara
penerjemahan kata demi kata dan penerjemahan bebas. Penerjemahan bebas mungkin mula-mula dilakukan seperti penerjemahan kata demi kata, tetapi
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penerjemah kemudian menyesuaikan susunan kata dalam kalimat terjemahannya yang sesuai dengan kata dalam kalimat bahasa sasaran” 1999:32.
Example: SL :
06300:52:08OS Black English Dialect: It still aint hot enough.
Standard American English: It is still not hot enough. TL :
06300:52:08TT Bahasa Indonesia: Itu masih belum cukup panas.
In the translation, not all of the words are translated. However the idea of the source language is the same as that of the target language.
I.B Free Translation Catford states, “A free translation is always unbound-equivalencies shut
up and down the rank scale, but tend to be at the higher ranks--sometimes between larger unit than the sentence.” 1965:25.
Another opinion is stated by Nababan 1999: “Penerjemahan bebas free translation sering tidak terikat pada pencarian padanan kata atau kalimat, tetapi
pencarian padanan itu cenderung terjadi pada tataran pada paragraph atau wacana. Penerjemah harus mampu menangkap amanat dalam bahasa sumber pada tataran
paragraph atau wacana secara utuh dan kemudian mengalihkan serta mengungkapkannya dalam bahasa sasaran.” p.31
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In this type of translation, the translator must understand the whole sentences as one unit in a paragraph or all of the texts which are about to translate.
Example: SL :
07300:58:32OS Black English Dialect: Old Mr. talking trash about Shug.
Standard American English: Old Mr. is talking trash about Shug. TL :
07300:58:32TT Bahasa Indonesia: Tn Tua menjelek-jelekkan Shug.
In the example above, the choice of equivalent is different and the number of words in both languages is different too. The translation of the sentence above is
not translated word-by-word. The message written in the original dialogue is understood by considering the context.
I.C. Word-for-word Translation Catford states, “Word-for-word translation generally means what it says,
i.e. is essentially rank-bound at word-rank but may include some morpheme- morpheme equivalences.” Catford, 1965:25. The translator merely finds out the
equivalent of one word in the source language into one word in the target language. The result of this type of translation is sometimes difficult to
understand. The translation is bounded by the word order and the word form of the source language. The transfer of the idea of the source language is based on
the word order of the sentence.
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Example: SL :
01800:10:56OS Black English Dialect: and maybe she like it.
Standard American English: and maybe she likes it. TL :
01800:10:56TT Bahasa Indonesia : dan mungkin dia menyukainya.
In this example, the translation is categorized as rank-bound at word-rank. Every word in the source language is translated word by word into the target
language.
2.4. Definition of Dialect
