Positive politeness strategy The Types and Realizations of Politeness Strategies
the speaker who is repeating the words to london, that means the speaker uses the words to strees the emotional agreement to the speaker’s ideas.
6 Avoid diagreement
As stated by Esther N. Goody 1978 : 113, the sixth strategy of positive politeness strategy can happen in four ways; first, token agreement that means a
way to make false agreement or pretending to agree with the statement; second, by using pseudo agreement; third, white lies which defines the speaker makes
the white lies to state the ideas; and fourth, by using hedges to deliver the opinions. According to Goody 1978, the example of the strategy is shown in
the utterance, “I really sort of hope....”. The reason why it names avoid disagreement because the statement uses the words really sort which is the
hedge expression has a function to make the answer is not to be seen to disagree the statement.
7 Presupposeraiseassert common ground
Goody 1978 : 117 states that presuppose strategy is a way to talk or speak regarding unrelated topics in the conversation. The example of presuppose based
on Goody 1978 : 119 is in the utterance in which the context is the conversation between the doctor to the patient, “Now, have we taken our
medicine?”. The example explains that the speaker thinks that she or he equals to the hearer’s knowledge about the speaker’s ideas which is proved that the doctor
feels that the patient has the same knowledge with her or him.
8 Joke
Joke is a strategy that used in the communication to make the conversation is closer between the speaker and hearer. Based on Goody 1978 : 124, joke is very
useful to share knowledge. Related to the statement, this is an example of the strategy that taken from Goody 1978 : 124 in the utterance, “How about lending
me this old heap of junk?” the hearer’s new Cadillac. The example is categorized as a joke because the speaker directly says to the hearer about this heap
eventhough the hearer has the new one. It is the kind of jokes.
9 Assert or presuppose speaker’s knowledge of and concern for hearer’s
wants
Goody 1978 : 125 believes that the strategy happens when the speaker who he or she is making statement to the hearer because she or he understands
that the hearer want so that they cooperate one another in a communication. An example of the strategy according to Goody 1978 : 125 is in the expression, “I
know you love roses but the florist didn’t have any more, so I brought you geranium instead”. The example reveals the speaker’s strategy based on his or
her knowledge about the hearer wants that is proved in the statement, I know you love roses but. Then, the speaker uses so to clarify his or her statement.
10 Offer, promise
According to Goody 1978 : 125, he defines that by using offer and promise in the statement, the conversation is more polite. The example of the
strategy taken from Goody 1978 : 125 is in the expression, “I’ll drop by sometime next week”. The example means that the speaker has a good intention
to satisfy the hearer’s face wants, so the speaker uses the promise expression in the word I’ll..., the speaker chooses the words in order to make the cooperation
between the speaker and the hearer.
11 Be optimistic
In reference to Goody 1978 : 126, he states that the strategy exists by using or applying the optimistic expression in the statement. An example of the
strategy as shown in Goody 1978 : 126 is “You’ll lend me your lawnmower for the weekend, I hope”. The expression of I hope means the speaker is an
optimistic person to the hearer, so the hearer will cooperate with the speaker statement.
12 Include both speaker and hearer in the activity
Goody 1978 : 127 defines that the strategy occurs by using the form “we” in the expression when the speaker says you or me to the hearer that means “they
are”. The example of the strategy according to Goody 1978 : 127 is in the utterance, “Let’s get on with dinner, eh?”. The example means that the speaker
invites the hearer to have dinner in the word, Let’s. The invitation is not to the hearer only, but it includes the speaker to have dinner together.
13 Give or ask for reasons
As stated by Goody 1978 : 128, give or ask for reasons strategy is a strategy when the speaker asks for the reason regarding a topic in the
communication. In addition, it usually uses the word why in the beginning of the statement. An example of the strategy that is shown in Goody 1978 : 128 is in
the utterance, “Why not lend me your cottage for the weekend?”. The example
explains that the speaker needs the hearer to give the reason about the topic to show positive politeness strategy.
14 Assume or assert reciprocity
In the description of Goody 1978 : 129, assume or assert reciprocity is the strategy which exists when the speaker asks for the hearer to do something
benefits. The speakers says with the positive politeness expression in order to create the cooperation and effect for what is said with the hearer. An example of
the strategy that is taken from Goody 1978 : 129 is in the utterance, “I’ll do X for you if you do Y”. It means that the speaker needs the reciprocity to the hearer
about what the speaker will do to the hearer.
15 Give gifts to hearer
Goody 1978 : 129 states that the strategy happens when giving the expression like goods, sympathy, understanding, and cooperation to the hearer.
An example of the last strategy shown in Goody 1978 : 129 is “I’m sorry to hear that your grandma passed away a week ago. I’m sorry”. The example
explains that the speaker’s expression using sympathy form to the hearer about the news that is proved in the statement I’m sorry to hear that.