After the data analysis was competely done, there are some results as presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Findings of Types, Realizations, and Sociological Factors Of Politeness Strategies Performed by Oprah Winfrey in
View From The Top Program in 2014
Types Realizations
Sociological Factors Datum Number
Bald on record Metaphorical urgency for
emphasis Distance
19, 38, and 47 Task oriented
Rank of imposition 13, 35, and 51
FTA oriented bald on record usage
Rank of imposition 54
Positive politeness Notice and attend to hearer
Distance 36
Exaggerate Distance
1 and 56 Intensify interest to hearer
Distance 5, 16, 41, 42, 48, and 49
Use in group identity markers
Distance 10
Seek agreement Distance
7, 15, 20, 21, 22, 30, 31, and 46
Presupposeraiseassert a common ground
Distance 40
Joke Distance
8, 18, 33, and 52 Assert or presuppose
speaker’s knowledge Distance
2 Offer and promise
Distance 14
Be optimistic Distance
12, 27, and 29 Tell or ask for reason
Distance 53
Negative politeness Be conventionally indirect
Distance 28
Question, hedge Distance
9, 11, 17, 32, 34, 37, 45, and 55
Be pessimistic Distance
24 and 43 Off record
Understate Distance
25, 26, 39, and 50 Power
3 Overstate
Distance 4, 6, and 23
Be ironic Distance
44
Total 56
As shown in Table 2, distance is the main sociological factor which is repeatedly used by Oprah Winfrey. It is found in the most of the data analysis.
The factor is named distance because there is a social distance between Oprah Winfrey as the speaker and Amanda Facelle and the audiences as the hearer in
View From The Top program in 2014. The next factor is rank of imposition. It can be seen in Table 2 that the factor
is only found in the types of politeness strategies that are bald on record and positive politeness. Besides, power is the least factor that is performed by Oprah
Winfrey. Power is only used in off record politeness strategy.
B. Discussion
This section, discussion, gives the deeper and detail description related to the findings. It also gives the explanation to answer the research questions stated in
Chapter I based on politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson 1978.
1 Types of Politeness Strategies Reflected by Oprah Winfrey in View From
The Top Program in 2014
In the analysis, there are four types of politeness strategies that are used by Oprah Winfrey in View From The Top program in 2014. Those strategies are bald
on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record. Each type of politeness strategies together with its realizations is explained in comprehensive
detail in the following section below.
a Bald on record
Bald on record strategy is performed by Oprah Winfrey in some moments. As an evidence, it is proved in the datum number 19.
Amanda : What are the qualities of your leadership that make you successful at such diverse pursuits? And what works in one area
that maybe doesn’t work in another?
Oprah : Well, I tell you. It works in all areas because I, my life is
fueled by my being. datum number 19
In the conversation, Amanda asks Oprah that related to the qualities of leadership and what works in an area that cannot work in another area. Then, Oprah answers
the questions by using bald on record politeness strategy because she directly says I tell you to the audiences without small chit chat in the beginning of the speaking.
In addition, she uses the strategy because she wants the hearer to concern with her ideas. She states about how she fullfill her life to reach her achievement.
Another example of the conversation between Oprah Winfrey and Amanda Facelle comes from in the dialogue that can be shown as follows.
Amanda : Is there anything left that you’re scared to try?
Oprah : Whoa, Amanda. You must have been up all night long. datum number 35
In the datum can be seen as a bald on record strategy because Oprah’s expression that is focused on you must have been up all night. She asks for Amanda to wake
up all night by answering Amanda’s question that is something which makes Oprah scared.
The next datum related to the use of bald on record strategy is datum number 54. The context of the dialogue is when Oprah asks to Shenay who is one of the
audiences from Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy to stand up, in the statement Stand up.
Oprah : Stand up Shenay, so everybody can see you. inviting one of the audiences to stand up
datum number 54
