considered as positive politenes because Nababan applied the utterance as a joke to create an enjoying moment in the occasion. Then, Obama used less negative
politeness strategy than more positive politeness strategy. The similarity of two studies and this research is the research uses the
theory of politeness strategy by Brown and Levinson in Goody’s book 1978 like Aulia and Shohibussiriri had done. On the other hand, the difference
between two studies and this research is the object of the study.
D. Conceptual Framework
This research focuses on pragmatic approach specifically politeness area. By applying Politeness Strategies theory by Brown and Levinson, this study is
conducted. This research finds out the types of politeness strategies that are used by Oprah Winfrey in View From The Top Program in 2014 which consists
of bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off record based on Esther N. Goody’s book 1978. This research also investigates the
realization from the types of politenesss strategies and sociological factors that consists of social distance, power, and rank of imposition involving the use of
politeness strategies. An analytical construct is shown to the following page.
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1. Notice and attend to hearer
10. Offer, promise 2.
Exaggerate 11. Be optimistic
3. Intensify ineterest to hearer
12. Include both speaker and hearer in the 4.
Use in group identity narkers activity
5. Seek agreement
13. Give or ask for reasons 6.
Avoid disagreement 14. Assume or assert reciprocity
7. Presupposeraiseassert common ground
15. Give gifts to hearer 8.
Joke 9.
Assert or presuppose speaker’s knowledge of and concern
for hearer’s wants
1. No face redress in great urgency
5. Task -oriented 2.
Metaphorical urgency for emphasis 6. D
o not care to maintain hearer’s face 3.
Metaphorical entreatis 7. Sympathetic advice or warnings
stressing the hearer valuation 8. FTA- oriented- bald on record-usage
4. Channel noise
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES PERFORMED BY OPRAH WINFREY IN VIEW FROM THE TOP PROGRAM IN 2014
Figure 2: Analytical Construct Pragmatics
Speech act Deixis
Reference Politeness
Politeness Strategies
Bald on record
Positive politeness
Negative politeness 1.
Be conventionally indirect 6. Apologize
2. Question, hedge
7. Impersonalize 3.
Be pessimistic 8. State the FTA as a general rule
4. Minimize the imposition
9. Nominalize 5.
Give deference 10. Go on record as incurring a debt or as not
indebting the hearer 1.
Give hints 9. Use metaphor
2. Give association clues
10. Use rhetorical questions 3.
Presuppose 11. Be ambigious
4. Understate
12. Be vague 5.
Overstate 13. Over-generalize
6. Use tautologies
14. Displace the hearer 7.
Use contradictions 15. Be incomplete, use ellipsis
8. Be ironic
Implicature
Sociological Factors
Oprah Winfrey
’s Interview in View
From The
Top Program in 2014
Realizations Context
1. Distance
2. Power
3. Rank of imposition
Off record
