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2. Phonotactics
In every language there are restrictions on the kinds of sounds and sound sequences possible in different positions in words particularly at the beginning
and end, restrictions on possible combinations of sounds are known as phonotactics constraints.
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Languages generally prefer Consonant C first, Vowel V second type syllable structure, but not all languages allow a syllable more
than one consonant. For instance, English allows up to three consonants at the beginning
– CCCVC and the first consonant is always s as in strike, scream, spray, split, squadron, and skewer
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and has a wide variety of types:
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1. V
„oh‟ 2.
VC „at‟
3. VCC
„ask‟ 4.
VCCC „asked‟
5. CCV
„flew‟ 6.
CCVC „flute‟
7. CCVCC
„flutes‟ 8.
CCVCCC „crafts‟
9. CCCV
„spree‟ 10.
CCCVC „spleen‟
11. CCCVCC
„strength‟ 12.
CCCVCCC „strengths‟
A syllable in Bahasa Indonesia, consist of a vowel plus the immediately preceding consonant. There are syllables in Bahasa Indonesia as follows:
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1. V
a-mal, su-a-tu, tu-a 2.
VC ar-ti, ber-il-mu, ka-il
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Carol Jean Godby, Language Files: Materials for an Introduction to Language, Ohio: Advocate Publishing Group, 1982, p. 107
50
Kushartanti, et al. Pesona Bahasa: Langkah Awal Memahami Linguistik. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005, p. 165
51
Carol Jean Godby 1982, loc.cit.
52
Hasan Alwi, et.al 2003, op.cit. p. 77
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3. CV
pa-sar, sar-ja-na, war-ga 4.
CVC kar-tu, pin-tu, sur-ga
5. CVCC
teks-til, kon-teks-tu-al, mo-dern 6.
CVCCC korps
7. CCV
slo-gan, dra-ma, ko-pra 8.
CCVC trak-tor, a-trak-si, kon-trak
9. CCCV
stra-tegi, stra-ta 10.
CCCVC struk-tur, in-struk-si
11. CCVCC
kom-pleks Indonesian word formed from the combination of various syllable such as
listed above. Because of the rather complex syllable as found in the number 5 through to 11 are basically derived from foreign words, many people slipped
phoneme ə to separate two consonants that contiguous, such as slogan, strika
and prangko each of them has changed into selogan, setrika, and perangko.
C. Types of Phonological Change
Kategori