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3. CV
pa-sar, sar-ja-na, war-ga 4.
CVC kar-tu, pin-tu, sur-ga
5. CVCC
teks-til, kon-teks-tu-al, mo-dern 6.
CVCCC korps
7. CCV
slo-gan, dra-ma, ko-pra 8.
CCVC trak-tor, a-trak-si, kon-trak
9. CCCV
stra-tegi, stra-ta 10.
CCCVC struk-tur, in-struk-si
11. CCVCC
kom-pleks Indonesian word formed from the combination of various syllable such as
listed above. Because of the rather complex syllable as found in the number 5 through to 11 are basically derived from foreign words, many people slipped
phoneme ə to separate two consonants that contiguous, such as slogan, strika
and prangko each of them has changed into selogan, setrika, and perangko.
C. Types of Phonological Change
1. Assimilation
Assimilation defined as the phonetic process by one speech sound comes to resemble or become identical with a neighboring sound between words or within a
word.
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In assimilation process, there are some consonants assimilates with vowel features, vowel assimilates with consonant features, consonant assimilates with
consonant features, and vowel assimilates with vowel features. a
Consonant assimilates with vowel features act
æk to be action
æk consume
k ənsju:m to be konsumsi
The citation from act is æk . Let us take act, with its final t, and suffix –ion is added, the t becomes s, thus action.
53
Norman. C. Stageberg 1977, op.cit. p. 30
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b Vowel assimilates with consonant features
see si: to be
seen si:n capacity k
ə′pæsəti to be kapasitas
Vowel is used to nasalize phonetically when it juxtaposes with nasal consonant, this process as in the form see si:, with its final i:, and nasal
consonant n is added. Then it becomes seen si:n. c
Consonant assimilates with consonant features news nuz
to be newspaper nuspep
ər chronic krɑ:n
Ӏ
k to be
kronis The citation from of news is nuz or n
Ӏ
uz. Let us take news, with its final z, and add paper to it. Now the voiced z is juxtaposed to the voiceless p of
paper. So the voiced z changes to a voiceless s in newspaper nuspep ər.
d Vowel assimilates with vowel features
foot fʊt to be
feet fi:t The vowel of one syllable may become more like the vowel of some other
syllable. So, we can distinguish vowel harmony and umlauting. According to Sanford A. Schane, vowel harmony is a case in which vowels agree in certain
features. Harmoni vokal ialah keadaan vokal-vokal yang bersesuaian dalam ciri- ciri tertentu this process as in the example above and it often occurs in irregular
plurals. Besides that, umlaut is back vowels are fronted before certain suffixes containing a high front vowel. Umlaut ialah vokal belakang didepankan sebelum
sufiks tertentu yang berisi vokal tinggi depan.
54
54
Sanford A. Schane, Fonologi Generatif, Penerjemah, Kenjtanawati Gunawan Jakarta: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1992, p. 53
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2. Sound Change
