changes in the instructional material. The post-design research was conducted to evaluate the product. The questionnaire was attached to the product. In the first
part, there were eight close-ended questions. In the next part, there were four open ended questions.
Therefore, after the discussing the instrument of the research, the discussion moves on to how the writer gathered the data from the participants.
D. Data Gathering Techniques
The data gathering technique that was used to collect the data was distributing the questionnaire sheets to the participants. It was conducted twice. In
the pre-design survey, the questionnaire was distributed to know the response of the students toward listening class, their difficulties and favorite activities. To
conduct this research, the writer joined the class and observed the class. The writer distributed the questionnaire at the end of the class. The students had to
answer the questions in the questionnaire, and at that time, they submitted the questionnaires.
The second one was in the post-design survey. It was distributed to three English teachers of SMA BOPKRI 2 Yogyakarta and two lecturers of Sanata
Dharma University. This questionnaire aimed to evaluate the instructional material that had been developed by the writer. The feedback was gained to revise
the design materials.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
The data were analyzed in order to find out the central tendency of the respondents’ opinions about needs analysis and the designed materials. At the
end, the writer made some revisions on the designed materials based on the questionnaires.
The judgment of the participants’ statements on the questionnaires used five points of agreement. They are presented as follows.
Table 3.1 Points of Agreement
Points of agreement Meaning
1 If the respondents strongly disagree with the statements.
2 If the respondents disagree with the statements.
3 If the respondents feel uncertain about the statements.
4 If the respondents agree with the statements.
5 If the respondents strongly agree with the statements.
In this study, the writer used the data survey to find out the validation of the data. Central tendency is regarded as the proper way of concluding the data
because it represents the whole sets of measurement. The measurement of central tendency or averages is known as mean. It is presented as follows.
Table 3.2 The Descriptive Statistic of Respondents’ Opinions Blank
No Statements
Central tendency N
Mean
Mean is the average point that is counted by adding all the points and divided them by the number of questions. The formulation of mean is presented as
follows.
Where = the mean
= the sum X
= each values in the distribution N
= number of respondents
F. Research Procedure
