d. Reorganization
Organization in a conversation is one of the vital factors to make the partner easily accepts the information. The speakers in Anderson Cooper 360:
Donald Trump , CNN Milwaukee Republican Presidential Town Hall Episode also
face the organization utterance. Here, they reorganize their words in order to present the clear information. An example is presented in the following datum.
Trump: Health care - we need health care for our people. datum 62
Here, Trump discusses the importance of health care for people in United States. In uttering his idea, he makes a disorganize utterance. Initially he only says
„health care‟ then he resolves it by saying „we need health care‟. It can be said that he reorganizes his utterance. A similar example also can be seen as follow.
Anderson: Do you have a specific, though, for him on - a specific example that you changed your behavior changed the way
youve done something going forward, or learned from something youve done that you didnt like the way it turned
out? datum 96
Anderson asks Trump a question related to Senator Jeff Sessions who also endorsed Trump in the election. He asks whether Trump changed the behavior
because of the senator. In the example, it can be seen that Anderson reorganizes his utterance after makes several errors in the beginning. Here, reorganization has
a function to arrange the utterance in order to serve clear information.
e. Specification
In delivering information, a speaker sometimes generalizes the thing that is being discussed. By doing so, it causes the information which is being uttered
becomes unclear. For that reason, after a speaker realizes the problem, heshe
should specify his utterance in order to make everyone understand about the topic discussed. Here, the pattern of repair which has the function mentioned is called
as specification. The researcher found several examples about this pattern as follows:
Trump: Do you mind if I read this to you? Do you mind if I read you her statement? datum 5
Trump specifies his words when he is talking about the paper which contains female reporter‟s statement. In the beginning he says „this‟ and he
repairs it into „her statement‟. Here, Trumps makes a clearer intention of his utterances. Another example is presented in a datum below.
Anderson: Thats what you said to The New York Times. You said you worried about the proliferation of nuclear weapons
the most. datum17 Anderson makes a repair by specifying his words. In the beginning, he
only says „what you said‟. Then, he resolves the problem by saying „you worried about the proliferation of nuclear weapons the most
‟. The utterance has a function to make a clearer utterance regarding the previous words that he
proposes. The example below is another example of specification pattern.
Trump: Im not saying - the other thing thats bad about NATO, were paying too much. Were spending a tremendous - billions
and billions of dollars on NATO. datum 70 Anderson and Trump are talking about USA‟s position in NATO. Here,
Trump gives his opinion about the topic. Initially, he says ‘were paying too
much ’ but then he specifies his utterance by saying „Were spending a
tremendous - billions and billions of dollars on NATO. ‟ In this case, the
specification that is done by Trump has a function to denote the words ‘were
paying too much ’. Most of the audiences probably do not know the exact
amount of it. For that reason, the specification is done.
f. Elaboration
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