The roles of teachers in cooperative learning are as facilitators, moderators, organizers and mediators clearly visible. While the roles and
functions of student are also visible. The involvement of all students will be able to provide an atmosphere of learning become more active and
democratic, each student has a role and will share their learning experiences to other students.
3. Cooperative Learning Model Type Jigsaw
Jigsaw was first developed and tested by Elliot Aronson and friends at the University of Texas, and later adapted by Slavin and friends at Johns
Hopkins University Arends, 2001. Learning type Jigsaw developed by Aronson et. al. as cooperative
learning methods. This type can be used in the teaching of reading, writing, listening, or speaking. In this type, the teacher noticed the scheme
or background experience of students and help students to activate schemata to make the learning becomes more meaningful. In addition,
students work together with fellow students in an atmosphere of mutual help and have many opportunities to process information and improving
their communication skills.
Cooperative learning model type Jigsaw is a model of cooperative learning in which students learn in small groups of 4-6 people working
together heterogeneously and have a positive interdependence as well as responsible for the completeness part of the subject matter to be learned
and convey the learning material to the other members of the group
Arends, 1997.
Jigsaw is designed to increase students sense of responsibility for their own learning and the learning of others. Students not only learn the
material provided, but they also must be ready to give and teach the material in the other group members. Thus, the student depend on each
other and must work together cooperatively to study the assigned material Anita Lie. 2007. The members of different teams with the same topic
met for discussions expert group to help each other about learning topics assigned to them. Then the students were back to the team group home to
explain to the other group members about what they have learned earlier in the meeting of the expert group.
In cooperative learning model type Jigsaw, there is a home group and expert groups. The home group is the main group of students consisting of
students with the different ability, origin, and family background. The home group is a combination of several expert groups. The expert group is
a group of students consisting of the members of different origins who were assigned to study and explore specific topics and complete the tasks
associated with the topic for later explained to the other members of home group.
