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2. Deviation on Lexical Collocation
Lexical collocation occupied bigger percentage than grammatical collocation. Hence, the percentage of collocation that was uncommonly used in
international journal and not standard was also bigger. 49.7 lexical collocations belonged to this category. Those forms that appeared non-standard seemed to be
unintentionally produced and could be categorized as: grammatical transformation, over-generalization, and blend.
a. Grammatical Transformation
Grammatical transformation occurred since the writer had extended a familiar collocation from one structural form to another. In lexical collocation,
there were some collocations that deviated from its standard due to grammatical transformation.
In give benefit, there was an echo of given benefit. The extension occurred
from the common expression from adjective-noun structural form. Similarly, in
record the data, there was an echo of data recording. The writer of the translated abstract extended familiar collocation from phrase data recording and
transformed it into verb-noun collocation. Therefore, to meet the more
conventional collocations, give benefit and record the data could be best replaced with provide benefit and collect the data.
Another grammatical transformation could be found in adjective-noun
collocation. In necessary effort, the extension occurred due to influence of need an effort. The extension could also be found in significant return. The deviation
was a result of transformation from return significantly. To be more
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conventional, necessary effort could be transformed into an effort that is needed...”. While, significant return could be replaced with substantial return.
b. Over-generalization
Over-generalization is another source of deviation. Over-generalization
occurred as a result of over-extension of collocability by analogy. In perform calculation, the writer of translated abstract appeared to be aware that perform
has a figurative sense of conduct, do, act, and make as is perform an experiment and perform an operation. This sense was extended by analogy to calculation
since it shares some features of the other nouns in requiring planning and procedure. Hence, such an extension arbitrarily blocked in usage. Table 4.9 shows
the sample list of unconventional lexical collocation due to over-generalization
Table 4.9 List of Unconventional Lexical Collocations due to Over-generalization
Indonesian Abstract English
Abstract Conventional
Collocation ...menemukan kelemahan...
...find weakness...
...identify weakness...
...mengetahui adanya... ...identify an existence... ...discover existence...
...mendapatkan jawaban... ...obtain
an answer...
...get an
answer... ...membuat design...
...make a
design... ...create
design... ...memperoleh kesimpulan...
...obtain conclusion...
...reach conclusion...
...mengadakan wawancara... ...perform an interview... ...conduct an interview...
...menguji perbedaan... ...test
a difference...
...examine a
difference... ...melakukan studi kasus...
...use a case study...
...conduct a case study...
c. Blend
Blend became the common source of deviation in collocation conventionality. Blend is combining each item in two familiar and similar
collocations. In apply an analysis, blend came from apply a methodology and perform an analysis. Therefore, the conventional form of the collocation is
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perform an analysis. Another example of blend is find out a problem. It is a result of blend between find a solution and identify a problem. The other
examples of blends were: cover a weakness, identify an existence, indicate a weakness, and perform calculation.
In adjective-noun collocation, blend could also be found. In favourable difference, blend occurred due to combination between favourable outcome and
profound difference. Similarly, in actual practice, blend was a result of combination of two similar collocations actual situation and current practice.
Table 4.10 shows the list of unconventional lexical collocations due to blend.
Table 4.10 List of Unconventional Lexical Collocations due to Blend
Indonesian Abstract English
Abstract Conventional
Collocation ...menggunakan analisa...
...apply an
analysis... ...perform
an analysis...
...mengetahui masalah... ...find
out a
problem... ...identify
a problem...
...mengatasi kelemahan... ...cover
a weakness...
...overcome a
weakness... ...mengindikasikan kelemahan...
...indicate a weakness... ...point out a weakness...
...melakukan penghitungan... ...perform
calculation... ...make
calculation... ...pendanaan yang menguntungkan...
...favourable difference... ...profound
difference... ...praktek lapangan.
...actual practice. ...current practice.
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
In this chapter, the writer draws conclusions from the conducted research and proposes some suggestions for current practice in collocation translation and
future research.
A. Conclusions
In this section, the writer would like to summarize the answers to the two research questions. Firstly, what are the collocations of translated thesis abstracts
of the economic faculty students? Secondly, to what extent does the deviation from the standard forms of conventional collocations occur in translated thesis
abstracts? In order to answer the first question in problem formulation, the writer
collected collocations used in the translated thesis abstracts of the economic faculty students. These abtracts were then analyzed for their use of collocation.
From the result of the research, the writer found that the collocation used in the translated thesis abstract could be categorized into two main types of collocation.
Those types were gramatical and lexical collocation. In grammatical collocation analysis, the writer found that the use grammatical collocation in the translated
thesis abstract was conventional. The number of uncommonly used but standard grammatical collocation empoyed the biggest, that was 50 . In addition, there
were also 20.8 commonly used and standard grammatical collocation. The
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