28 he should consider the context. The translation of a religious text will be different
from one of scientific text. Contextualizing in translation is also affected by the cultural background.
The characteristics of academic text raise the different style in translation compared to the non academic text. The style, among others, lies in the use of
words. Johnson 2006 stated that word will translate differently according to their function in the sentence and in the broader utterance. In the broader utterance,
words will be used differently to give style in a certain type of text. Dictionary, context, cultural background and style come up altogether in
transforming source text into target text. Nevertheless, it is always worth considering whether a name is appropriate to what it stands for and whereas
‘source text’ is likely to be accurate. It may be questioned on occasion whether the resulting text is in fact the same as target. The resulting text may be different
from the original target and it also needs to be kept in mind that there may be different from the original version of translation.
C. Theoretical Framework
This section synthesizes the related theories to fit this research. Those underlying theories are used to solve the research question stated in Chapter I. It is
also followed by a framework of answering the two questions of the research. The investigation of collocation is conducted in the context of academic
writing. The students of the economics faculty do not write the theses abstract directly in English, but they write them in Indonesian. After they complete the
29 abstract in Indonesian, they use it as a source text to be translated into the target
text, namely English. The translation is, then, used to facilitate students in producing thesis abstract.
The major concern of this research is on the using of collocation in academic writing that is represented in thesis abstracts. Collocation helps the
academic writer maintain the academic style to achieve native-likeness. Despite the various definitions of collocations, it shares the same commonality that
collocation is an expression consisting of two or more words that correspond to some conventional way of saying things.
A proposition by Newmark 1981 supports translation as an activity of transforming a text in a source language into a certain target language. In the
transformation, a translator would convey the same message and meaning. In the same respect, the closest equivalence between languages must be found to
preserve the original features of a source language. The idea of equivalence is also supported by Meetham and Hudson, 1972. A text can be equivalent in context,
in grammar, in lexis, as well as in word-for-word. On the other hand, preserving original features entails a translator to achieve naturalness of text in the target
language. Style has also been a worth considering aspect in translation when the naturalness of text is meant to be achieved.
It is believed that translating a text into a translator’s first language is easier and more comprehensible. Grammatical error and unfortunate vocabulary
choices could be minimized when a translator translates a text into the translator’s first language. For this reason, a translator is able to produce a natural translation
30 product in this case, Indonesian. On the other hand, when a translator translates
a text from hisher first language into hisher second language, some barriers emerge. Due to the limitation of vocabulary mastery in second language,
inappropriate diction potentially happens. McCarthy O’Dell’s 1994 treatment of another formal aspect of vocabulary, word formation, can provide a useful
basis for the translator to build a comparative perspective of the way in which English and Indonesian form words
Understanding translation method comes up next to minimize the barriers in translation. The appropriate method in translating a text would facilitate a
translator to produce a qualified translation product. Applying a certain method will benefit a translator in terms of effectiveness of translation process. In this
respect, a translator should know what type of text that is translated and then produce an effective text in terms of meaning, natural equivalence, and style.
Nevertheless, it does not mean that only one method can be applied in a translation process. More than one method of translation is possibly applied in
translation. In answering the research questions, the writer uses phraseology
framework proposed by Cowie 1988, particularly for its composite units. Furthermore, the writer respectively uses the classification of word combination
by El Salmani 2001 and Emery 1991. The first problem will be answered by identifying word combination used in the translated abstracts. In solving the
second problem, the investigation of translation method will be used to identify the deviation of collocation in translated abstracts.
31 As the research framework formulation, first of all, the writer collected the
abstracts of both Indonesian and English versions. Next, the writer identified the collocation used in the translated abstracts. At this step, the writer classified the
collocation based on the classification of word combination proposed by El Salmani 2001 and Emery 1991.The analysis continued with the investigation
of collocation conventionality by examining sample of international journal and dictionaries. Then, the writer analyzed the deviation of collocation in the
translated abstract. Finally, the research ended with conclusion based on the result of the analysis.
32
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into six sections. The first is research method; the second is research subject studied; the third is research instrument; the fourth is
data gathering technique; the fifth is data analysis technique, and the sixth is research procedure.
A. Research Method
The writer engaged in a qualitative research in conducting this research. Qualitative method is meant to provide verbal descriptions portraying phenomena;
unstructured data sources which lead into exploration of the topic; inductive logic and the need to find explanations from perceived relationship. In particular,
qualitative methods are useful in constructing explanations Krathwohl, 1998. This qualitative research aimed to explore a holistic picture and in-depth
understanding of a phenomenon. The result of using this method was in narrative description and interpretation. By this method, initial incursion into the social
setting led to further more informed exploration as themes and focuses emerge Holliday, 2002. In investigating collocation translation of Indonesian into
English in thesis abstracts, the writer analyzed the phenomena of how the collocations were employed in translation into the second language, namely
English. This research focused on English collocation from translated academic text.
