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aim, describe situation, fulfill criteria, fulfill a requirement, make an effort, reach a target, and use a technique, were uncommonly used in the academic
writing. Although they were standard, it was uncommon to use them in academic context. Accordingly, this category of collocation could possibly be used
appropriately to translate Indonesian texts into English. There were seven collocations 6.5 of total collocation that were
categorized as commonly used in international journal and were standard. To
mention the collocations in this category were conduct a research, pay attention, perform an analysis, process data, solve a problem, and use a method. These
collocations were the common collocations used in research papers. The collocations could be found in both abstracts of international journals and
translated abstracts of students of the Economics Faculty. Accordingly, collocations of this category could be used to translate Indonesian text into
English in an academic context. In addition, two collocations 1.9 of total percentage were commonly
used in international journal but were not standard. Collocations show significance and use data were used in abstracts of international journals.
Nonetheless, these collocations were not standard since they could not be found in the dictionaries.
b. Noun-verb Collocation
Noun-verb collocation had the least number of percentages from total percentage of lexical collocation. There were ten noun-verb collocations out of
45 152 lexical collocations in the translated abstract writing. The small number of
noun-verb collocation indicated that most of the sentences in the translated abstracts were nominal sentences. Table 4.5 shows the number and percentages of
noun-verb collocation based on its category in the descriptors.
Table 4.5 Categories of Noun-verb Collocations
Categories Numbers of collocation Percentages
Commonly used and standard 2
20 Commonly used but not standard
1 10
Uncommonly used but standard 5
50 Uncommonly used and not standard
2 20
Total 10
100
Noun-verb collocations in the translated abstracts were uncommonly used
in international journal but standard. Some collocations, such as step was taken, sample was taken, problem rose, result showed, were standard to translate
Indonesian text into English text. Nevertheless, those collocations were uncommonly used in an academic context.
Two collocations were considered as commonly used in international
journal and standard. Those two collocations were research was conducted and data were analyzed. There were also two collocation that were uncommonly used
in international journal and not standard. The collocations conclusion showed and standards cause were generally used in the general text. Nevertheless, they were
not found in the international journal. In addition, there was a noun verb- collocation used in the international journal; yet it was not standard. The
collocation research applied is the example of this category. Alternatively, the
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collocation research was engaged in was considered more standard while
maintaining its meaning.
c. Adjective-noun Collocation
There were 34 adjective-noun collocations used in the translated abstract. Most of the adjective-noun collocations were economic terminologies. Table 4.6
shows the number and percentages of adjective-noun collocation based on each category in the descriptors.
Table 4.6 Categories of Adjective-noun Collocations
Categories Numbers of collocation Percentages
Commonly used and standard 3
8.8 Commonly used but not standard
3 8.8
Uncommonly used but standard 15
44.2 Uncommonly used and not standard
13 38.2
Total 34
100
The number of adjective-noun collocations that were uncommonly used in the international journal but standard was slightly different from the number of
collocations that were uncommonly used in international journal and not standard. There were 15 uncommonly used but standard collocations. The examples of
adjective-noun collocation in this category were domestic investment, realized cost, budgeted cost, significant development, significant difference, and
theoretical concept.
There were 13 uncommonly used and not standard collocations in the
translated abstract. Collocations, such as: push investment, favorable difference,
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issued data, significant return, actual practice, were the examples of collocation
in this category. In contrast, there were only three collocations that were categorized as
commonly used in international journal and standard. Collocations, such as
empirical evidence, theoretical study, and financial statement were categorized
as commonly used in international journal and standard. Similarly, there were
three commonly used but not standard collocations, such as internal control, descriptive statistics, and beneficial financing.
B. Deviation from Conventional Collocation
