23 is not true. It is certainly true that a translation into the translator’s mother tongue
will appeal more to audience. It can be immediately comprehensible and of course quite grammatically correct and natural. The catch is of course that audience will
not be able to judge how the translation compares with the original. On the other hand, a translation out of the translator’s native language will
not likely misinterpret the original, but it may well alienate the sympathies of audience, who may feel that the translation is clumsy, incomprehensible in places,
and inappropriate in diction. The audience would rather have the translation done by their own translator Johnson, 2006.
c. Translating First Language Essay into Second Language Essay
Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language - the source text - and the production, in another language, of
a new, equivalent text - the target text, or translation. Traditionally, translation has been a human activity, although attempts have been made to automate and
computerize the translation of natural-language texts machine translation or to use computers as an aid to translation computer-assisted translation.
The goal of translation is generally to establish a relation of equivalence of intent between the source and target texts that is to say, to ensure that both texts
communicate the same message, while taking into account a number of constraints. These constraints include context, the rules of grammar of languages,
their writing conventions, their idioms, and the like.
24 Campbell 1998 assumes that translation competence into the second
language is somehow scrambled up with second language proficiency. It is however a very special variety of second language proficiency: the second
language translators have to work within the limitations of their second language repertoire, and the stages of individuals’ language development must be reflected
in the quality of their translation. Yet, the translators also have to work within the limitation of the source text, and it is this that makes translation into second
language a very special variety of second language writing Campbell, 1998. One of the aspects of translating a first language essay into a second
language essay is in the special character of written language itself Campbell, 1998. There is the fact that high levels of second language proficiency in writing
reflect control over special features of written language. Chafe and Tannen 1987 review the literature on the differences between written and spoken language. The
first part of the review deals with the structural differences between the two modes, while the second treats the contextual influences on their use and creation.
d. Translation Method
