Verb-noun Collocation Lexical Collocation

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2. Lexical Collocation

The lexical collocations found in the documents consisted of verb-noun collocation, noun-verb collocation, and adjective-noun collocation. Table 4.3 shows the numbers of lexical collocation based on its type. Table 4.3 Number and Percentages of Lexical Collocations Types of lexical collocation Numbers of Collocation Percentages Verb-Noun 107 70.9 Noun-Verb 10 6.6 Adjective-Noun 34 22.5 Total 151 100 Verb-noun collocations occupied the biggest percentage among the other two types of lexical collocation. The percentage of verb-noun collocations was 70.9. It could be inferred that most of the verbs used in the translated abstracts were followed by noun. In contrast, the number of noun-verb collocations was the least in percentage from the total lexical collocation. Its percentage was 6.6. Noun-verb collocation was supposed to construct a verbal sentence that functioned as subject and predicate in a verbal sentence. Accordingly, the translated undergraduate abstracts of students of the Economics Faculty used nominal sentences rather than verbal sentences. Finally, lexical collocation in the translated abstract consisted of 22.5 adjective-noun collocation. The adjectives were used to modify nouns in the noun-verb collocations.

a. Verb-noun Collocation

There were 107 verb-noun collocations used in the translated abstracts. This collocation was the biggest percentages in the lexical collocation types. 43 Table 4.4 shows the number and percentages of verb-noun collocation based on its category in the descriptors. Table 4.4 Categories of Verb-noun Collocations Categories Numbers of collocation Percentages Commonly used and standard 7 6.5 Commonly used but not standard 2 1.9 Uncommonly used but standard 41 38.3 Uncommonly used and not standard 57 53.3 Total 107 100 There were 57 uncommonly used and not standard verb-noun collocations of the translated abstract. This number employed the biggest percentages 53.3 from the total percentages on verb-noun collocations. Therefore, it could be concluded that most verb-noun collocations in the translated abstract were used unconventionally. The collocation find out differences was used to translate mencari selisih. The collocation was considered unconventional since the words find out could not be paired with the word differences. Instead of using find out differences, the collocation explore differences was considered more conventional. Using the latter collocation did not change the meaning of the source text. Similarly, the collocation apply an analysis that was used to translate menerapkan analisa was unconventional. The verb apply could not be paired with analysis. Alternatively, the best translation of menerapkan analisa was perform an analysis The number of uncommonly used but standard collocation was 41 collocations 38.3 of total collocation. The collocations, such as: achieve an 44 aim, describe situation, fulfill criteria, fulfill a requirement, make an effort, reach a target, and use a technique, were uncommonly used in the academic writing. Although they were standard, it was uncommon to use them in academic context. Accordingly, this category of collocation could possibly be used appropriately to translate Indonesian texts into English. There were seven collocations 6.5 of total collocation that were categorized as commonly used in international journal and were standard. To mention the collocations in this category were conduct a research, pay attention, perform an analysis, process data, solve a problem, and use a method. These collocations were the common collocations used in research papers. The collocations could be found in both abstracts of international journals and translated abstracts of students of the Economics Faculty. Accordingly, collocations of this category could be used to translate Indonesian text into English in an academic context. In addition, two collocations 1.9 of total percentage were commonly used in international journal but were not standard. Collocations show significance and use data were used in abstracts of international journals. Nonetheless, these collocations were not standard since they could not be found in the dictionaries.

b. Noun-verb Collocation