Objective of the study Significance of the study

explain something essential to tell a story. Tricia Hedge defines, “exposition is writing that informs, clarifies, defines, analyze, or otherwise treats a subject by letting the reader. It often answers the question what, why, how”. b. Persuasion Persuasion is used in persuading and convincing. Persuasion is used to make a case or to prove or disapprove a statement or proportion. c. Description Description tells how something looks or feels or sounds. It describes features such as sizes, shapes, color, sounds, etc. Alan Meyers stated that a description of a scene allows the readers to see, hear, or even feel the subject matter clearly, through careful word choice, strong details, and clear organization, people creates a mental picture for the readers. 7 d. Narrative Narrative is telling a story –by chronological order. Narrative can belong to exposition, as describes the phases the moon. Narration may help in argument, anecdote or exposition. Based on the book Second Language Writing by Ken Hyland, there are some factual genres: 8 Genre Purpose Recount to reconstruct past experiences by retelling events in original sequence Procedure to show how processes or events are accomplished – how something is done Description to give an account of imagined or factual events and phenomena 7 Alan Meyers, Gateways to Academic Writing, Longman: Longman, 2005, p.60. 8 Ken Hyland, Second Language Writing, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p.20. Report to present factual information about a class of things, usually by classifying them and then describing their characteristics Explanation to give reasons for a state of affairs or a judgment Table 2.1 Writing’s Genres

3. The Writing Process

Writing is like speaking to others on a paper or on a computer screen. Writing is partly a talent, but it’s mostly a skill, and like any skill, it improves with practice. Writing is also an action- a process of discovering and organizing the ideas, putting them through a paper, and reshaping then revising them. 9 Furthermore, Kate Grenville says that there are six steps on writing processes: 10 a. Getting ideas in no particular order. b. Choosing selecting the ideas, think it will be most useful. c. Outlining putting these ideas into the best order-making a plan. d. Drafting doing a first draft from beginning to end, without going back. e. Revising cutting, adding or moving parts of this draft where necessary. f. Editing proofreading for grammar, spelling and paragraphs 11 Based on the book of a writing resource guide, writing is much more than just putting words on a paper. By its very nature, writing is a series of forward and backward steps as writers think, reflect, revise, detour, start over, and repeat earlier steps. The job of educators is to guide students through the process in order to help them become the best writers 9 Alan Meyers, Op. Cit., p.3. 10 Kristine Brown Susane Hood, Writing Skills and Strategies for Students of English, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989, p.10. 11 Kate Grenville, Writing From Start to Finish a Six-Steps Guide, New South Wales: Allen Unwin, 2001, p. 8.