29
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the description of the research method used in this study. It consists of research design, place and time of the research, population
and sample, research instrument, the technique of collecting data, validity and reliability of data, the technique of data analysis and the statistical hypothesis.
A. Research Design
The method for the research is quantitative research, namely quasi experimental design which is not random assignment of participants to
group.
1
The quantitative data is gained through pre-test and post-test as the instrument of method of research.
Design for pre-test and post- test based on Sukardi’s book
2
. Group
Pre-test Dependent
variable Post-test
R Experiment Y
1
X
E
Y
2
R Control Y
1
X
K
Y
2
R = Randomized Subject
Y
1
= Pre-test test before applying the treatment Y
2
= Post-test test after applying the treatment X
E
=Treatment for experimental class using cooperative learning method Think Pair Share
X
K
= Treatment for controlled class using conventional method. There are two classes which were involved in this study. The first
class was an experimental class and the second class was a controlled class. Both classes are taught with different methods of teaching, experimental
1
Jhon W. Creswell, Educational Research, Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2012, p. 309.
2
Sukardi, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara, 2003, p. 185.
class used cooperative learning method and controlled class used conventional method.
B. Time and Place
The writer conducted the research at SMAN 2 Kabupaten Tangerang that is located on Jl.Pendidikan no.10, Mauk-Tangerang. This research was
carried out for one month started from 11 November up to 5 December 2013 .
C. Population and Sample
The population of this research was all of the students of SMAN 2 Kabupaten Tangerang, in Grade 1 academic Year 2013-2014. There are
eight classes of the first grades. The sample was collected by using purposive sample, because it had specific purpose. This technique is
commonly used because of some reasons; limitation of time, energy, and cost. Fistly, the writer decided the sample based on the information of the
English teacher about the class, and knowing the average scores of writing of two classes. For that purpose, the writer took the sample based on the
situation of the class and students that have same characteristics and ability in learning English.
3
In this study the writer took two classes as the sample, namely X
1
and X
5
. Before the writer decided the experimental class and the controlled class, the writer checked the score of midterm of both classes. The scores of X
1
and X
5
were not too different but X
1
had lower score. Based on the interview with the English teacher, X
1
was the silent class and X
5
was the active class. Because of this, the writer wants to know the ability of X
1
after they get the treatment, whether they will get higher score than X
5
. Therefore the writer decided X
1
as the experimental class and X
5
as the controlled class. These classes have been treated with two different treatments. For
3
Suharsimi Arikunto, prosedur Penelitian, Jakarta: PT. Rieneka Cipta, 2011, p.183.
Kategori