The Types of writing

they can be. In order to give the necessary skills to the students, writing must be explicitly taught and given time. 12 The figure of writing steps are shown below: Figure 2.1 The Writing Process 13 The description of the figure is that the writing process should be an ongoing cycle in every writing classroom. Students should be engaged in prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. The process is not a linear step-by-step sequence, but rather a repeated process that students pass through at different rates, sometimes moving on and at other times 12 Handbook of A writing Resource Guide, Orange Country Public School, p.1. 13 Ibid., p.9. Prewriting  Ideas  Audience  Purpose  Form  PublishingSharing  Presentation  Author’s chair  3Compliments and a wish Editing  Conventions Revising  Ideas  Organization  Voice  Word choice  Conferencing Drafting revising earlier steps in the cycle. Students who experience the process will learn skills which enable them to produce polished pieces of writing. The writing process is a series of steps to help someone write a paper. It is like using a map to get to an unfamiliar place.The writing process is generally divided into four stages, Alan Maley notes that writing has certain processes which lead to successful pieces of written work. The processes are prewriting, drafting, reviewing, revising and editing. 14 a. Pre writing Pre writing involves brainstroming, collecting data, note taking, and outlining. 15 This process helps to find the topic, develop the ideas and also limit the scope of what the writer will cover about their writing. Another expert, Grenville said that prewriting is just thinking on paper. It is a good way to let the unconscious give the ideas because it lets access the memory, experiences, knowledge, fantasies. 16 b. Drafting Drafting is stages where writing is began to work. The most important aspect here is to get words into paper. It is not the time to worry about spelling, grammar, punctuation, or the best wording. 17 In this steps drafting helps the students to plan what they want to write through words without feel say worry about spelling, grammar, and punctuation, it means that the students feel free with their own writing. c. Revising Revising is among the most important steps of writing. Here, the writer make it clearer abd more convincing, writer 14 Tricia Hedge, Writing, London: Oxford University press, 1988 , p. 9. 15 Ken Hyland, Second Language Writing, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p.11. 16 Kate Grenville, Writing From Start to Finish a Six-Steps Guide, New South Wales: Allen Unwin, 2001, p.16. 17 Kristine Brown Susane Hood, Writing Skills and Strategies for Students of English, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989, p.14. calls this step the process revising. All good writers go through several steps of revision because they want to make their writing the best it can be. At this point they reconsider what they have written, get feedback from others, and then make changes. 18 d. Editing After revising the writing then the steps that should be taken is editing. Check the writing carefully, in order to omit the mistake in grammar, word choice, verb forms, punctuation and spelling. 19 Use the dictionary and any other reference materials in order to make the writing is to be correct.

4. The purpose of Writing

Writing is not only puting the sentences into a paper, but there are some purposes of writing. Based on Kate Grenville books, there are some purposes of writing like stated as follow: 20 a. Entertain The writing does not necessarily make the readers laugh, but it at least engages their feelings in some way. Writing to entertain generally takes the form of so- called ‗imaginative writing’ or ‗creative writing’ of course, all writing requires some imagination and creativity. Examples of imaginative writing are novels, stories, poems, song lyrics, plays, and screenplays. b. Inform The writing tells the reader about something. These kinds of writing can also be ‗entertaining’ in the sense that they are good to read, and aslo entertaining the reader is not their main purpose —that’s just a bonus. Examples of writing to inform are newspaper articles, 18 H Doughlas Brown, Teaching by Principles An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy 2 nd Edition, Longman: Pearson Edition, 2011, p.353. 19 Alan Meyers, Gateways to Academic Writing, New York: Pearson Education, Inc, , 2005, p.11. 20 Kate Grenville, Writing From Start to Finish a Six-Steps Guide, New South Wales: Allen Unwin, 2001, p.11