27
18 Notes, Additions, Glosses
Newmark 1988: 91 states that notes, additions, and glosses are related to the supply of additional information in a translation. The examples of those three
strategies are footnotes, notes at the end of chapter, in-text additional information, and glossaries.
This study deals with the theories of verb and translation. Those theories are necessary to present in order to give the readers better understanding on the
topic discussed. Moreover, those theories are applied in order to conduct this study. The theoretical framework presents the theory application; it explains how
the theories are used in this study.
B. Theoretical Framework
This study deals with verbs. Long 1961 and Cobbett 1983 share the same idea in defining verbs; verbs are words that show actions, movement, or
state of being. According to Utah Valley State Writing Center “Types of Verbs,”
2013, verbs are categorized into three, namely action verbs, linking verbs, and helping or modal verbs. This study, moreover, focuses on transitive verbs which
are one of parts of action verbs. Long 1961, Keraf 1984 and Azar 1999 share the same idea in defining transitive verbs. They define transitive verbs as verbs
which have direct object. The definition of verbs helps the readers to understand what meant by transitive verbs.
28 Besides defining transitive verbs, the writer also give the patterns of
transitive verbs in order to give description about how the readers consider a verb as a transitive verb. Kolln 1990 explains four basic patterns of clauses
containing transitive verbs; they are NP
1
-Vt-NP
2,
NP
1
-Vt-NP
2
-NP
3,
NP
1
-Vt-NP
2
- ADJ, and NP
1
-Vt-NP
2
-NP
2.
These patterns will be the major theory in gathering the data. The data of this research is English transitive verbs found in the first
chapter of the bilingual book. The writer will analyze the clause patterns in order to consider whether the clauses are transitive. Then, she will take the transitive
verbs in the clauses as the data to be analyzed to solve the first research problem. Moreover, this study also deals with translation theory since the data
analysis is on the translation product. This study is a part of translation studies. The definition of translation proposed by Catford 1965, Newmark 1981,
Pinhuck, as cited in Suryawinata and Hariyanto 2003, Nida and Taber 1982, Larson 1984 and Bell 1993 gives the readers explanation about the nature of
translation. They state that translation deals with transferring equivalent meaning from SL into TL.
This study deals with Reiss’ informative text translation from the English
into Indonesian language. Moreover, the analysis of data in this study is based on N
ewmark’s 1988 translation strategies. Newmark’s strategies are applicable to answer the second research question. His explanation of the strategies is quite
practical and easy to understand.
29
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of six sections, namely the research method, research setting, data source, research instrument and data gathering technique, data
analysis technique, and research procedure. The method elaborates the suitable method to answer the research questions. The setting informs when the research is
conducted. The data source elaborates the subject of this study. The instrument and data gathering technique section explains the instruments used to collect the
data in this study. The data analysis technique provides the explanation of the instrument use in order to obtain the research findings. The last part, the research
procedure, explains steps taken by the writer in order to do this study. The elaboration of each section of this chapter is presented as follows.
A. Research Method
The focus of this study was on the transitive verb translation and the translation strategies used in Anthony Re
id’s Australia and Indonesia’s Struggle for Independence
O’Hare Reid, 2005. Two research problems were formulated, namely 1 Based on transitive verb patterns, what are the English
transitive verbs and their Indonesian translation in Reid’s book? 2 What
translation strategies are used to translate the transitive verbs in Reid’s book?
