The Researcher as Human Instrument The First Chapter of the Bilingual Book as the Document

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D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique

There were two instruments in this study. The instruments were the writer as human instrument and the first chapter of the bilingual book as the document. Those instruments were described as follows.

1. The Researcher as Human Instrument

The writer, as human instrument, collected the data by identifying the transitive verbs and their translation in Indonesian language found in the first chapter of the book. Creswell 2007: 38 states “the qualitative researchers collect data themselves through examining documents, observing behavior, and interviewing participants .” Moreover, he added that the researcher was the one who actually gathered the information. ” Therefore, the writer played a role in gathering the data through examining the book.

2. The First Chapter of the Bilingual Book as the Document

Merriam 2009: 139 states that a document is a ready-made source of data. It means that the researcher uses the document to collect the data. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen 2010: 29, document analysis focuses on analyzing recorded material; they also state “the material may be public records, textbooks, letters, films, tapes, diaries, themes, reports, or other documents.” The writer took the first chapter of the book entitled Australia and Indonesia’s Struggle for Independence O’Hare Reid, 2005 in order to collect the data. The chapter consisted of a 24-page article in English and a 27-page article in Indonesian language. The data were used to solve the two research 32 problems: 1 Based on transitive verb patterns, what are the English transitive verbs and their Indonesian translation in Reid’s book? 2 What strategies are used to translate the transitive verbs in Reid’s book? The data of this study were the English transitive verbs found in the first chapter of the book. The transitive verbs were collected referring to Gerot and Wignell’s theory of transitivity. Gerot and Wignell 1995: 56 state that verbs as themselves, without any context, are difficult to be considered as transitive or intransitive. In addition, they say that verbs can be regarded as transitive or intransitive when those verbs are applied in clauses. The clauses containing transitive verbs were highlighted. Moreover, the writer decided whether the verb were transitive by employing transitive verb patterns. The verbs employing the patterns were taken as the data to be analyzed to solve the research problems.

E. Data Analysis Technique