48 the translation from two different languages: the English and Indonesian
languages. The translation of this text should transmit the conceptual content of the source text Munday, 2008: 73. In order to transmit the conceptual content of
the source text, the translation strategies were applied while translating the English text into the Indonesian text.
The second part of this chapter presents the research result and discussion about the translation strategies.
Newmark’s translation strategy theory was employed to analyze the strategies used to transmit the conceptual content of the
English text to Indonesian version. Based on the research result, five out of 21 strategies proposed by Newmark 1988: 69-91 were used to translate transitive
verbs in Reid’s book. Those strategies were literal translation, paraphrase,
transposition, naturalization, and synonymy. Table 4.10 illustrates the frequency of occurrence of the translation strategies.
Table 4.10. Translation Strategies to Translate Transitive Verbs
Strategies Frequency of Occurrence
1 Literal translation 152
2 Paraphrase 11
3 Transposition 5
4 Naturalization 1
5 Synonymy 1
TOTAL 170
1. The Use of Literal Translation Strategy
Newmark 1988: 69 states, “Literal translation ranges from one word to
one word through group to group, collocation to collocation, clause to clause, and sentence to sentence
.” Literal translation occurred to translate transitive verbs in
49 151 clauses in this study. Those verbs were translated with such strategy in order
to convey the message from source language SL to target language TL. The
SL word understand and the TL word mengerti were presented as data
representative of the use of this strategy. Table 4.11 illustrates the context of the verb.
Table 4.11. The Use of Literal Translation Strategy
SL Verb Context SL
TL Verb Context TL
understand The Australians
understand us better than Europeans do,
and their democratic outlook appeals to us
mengerti Orang Australia lebih
mengerti tentang kita daripada orang Eropa,
dan pandangan demokratik mereka
menarik bagi kita
The transitive verb understand was literally translated into Indonesian language as mengerti. The transitive verb understand was found in a sentence
“The Australians understand us better than Europeans do, and their democratic
outlook appeals to us .” The translation in Indonesian language was “Orang
Australia lebih mengerti tentang kita daripada orang Eropa, dan pandangan
demokratik mereka menarik bagi kita .”
The transitive verb understand means
“to know why or how something happens or works” or “to know how someone feels or why they behave in a
particular way Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.” The sense of the
verb understand in the sentence was same as proposed by Cambridge Advanced
50 Learner
’s Dictionary. Moreover, the verb understand was translated into the Indonesian language as mengerti Kamus Inggris-Indonesia.
The word mengerti was the Indonesian primary meaning or literal meaning
of the English word understand according to the dictionaries. Moreover, the
meaning in the SL and TL were corresponded. When there was a correspondence between the SL meaning and TL meaning, it meant that the word was translated
with literal strategy translation Newmark, 1988: 70.
2. The Use of Paraphrase Strategy
