Economic impacts Underlying causes

138 Table 6. Economic measures of some forest restoration techniques and approaches Restoration technique or approach 1. Plantation or tree farm of Bagras, Falcata and Acacia mangium 2. Agroforestry with Sloping Agricultural Land Technology a combination of 40 agri-crops, 40 livestock, 20 forestry in 1 ha 3. Agroforestry with Sloping Agricultural Land Technology 40 agri-crop, 60 forestry: food-wood intercropping in a 2-ha plot 4. Standard reforestation and ANR for steep areas of watersheds, grasslands, strict protection zones of PAs and other restoration rehabilitation efforts for environmentalecological purposes 5. Pineapple-based agroforestry 6. Coffee-based agroforestry 7. Fruit trees with minor forest species rattan, bamboo 8. Restoration and management of mangrove forest Economic or financial measure, cost per unit •฀ IRR of 41, 23, 22, respectively •฀ ROI of 38.71 – agro-livestock production fuelwood, cash crops, livestock and forage •฀ ROI of 8 •฀ 3-year costha of reforestation and ANR is US1 048 and US579 respectively •฀ ANR is only 55 of the cost of standard reforestation •฀ Highly profitable at the HH level when covered with marketing agreement and support from a private sector company •฀ Includes technical support and guidance to farmers from LGUs and the DENR •฀ Highly profitable at the HH level when covered with a marketing agreement and support from a private sector company •฀ Includes technical support and guidance to farmers from LGUs and the DENR •฀ Financial IRR of 12.6 •฀ 1 ha of restored and managed mangroves in Central Visayas provides US500 to US1 550 per year from fisheries and wood production Sourceremark •฀ ERDB 2012 •฀ IIRR 1992 •฀ Minimizes soil erosion, improves soil fertility and generates household HH income •฀ IIRR 1992 •฀ Minimizes soil erosion, improves soil fertility and generates HH income •฀ Bagong Pagasa Foundation 2011 •฀ ANR will enable savings for the government of at least 45 compared with the total cost of reforestation. This is huge savings for the government and will allow more areas to be restored •฀ EcoGov 2 Project 2011 •฀ EcoGov 2 Project 2011 •฀ Sison 1999 •฀ FISH 2007