Commercial forest zone – timber production with no restriction on operation intensity.
3.5 Tentative results
Ten years ago conifer plantations were the main forest type in the ECTF and occupied 71 percent of the total forest area. Masson pine Pinus massoniana, 63 percent and Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata, 7 percent were the two largest tree species there. Compared with single species rotation management models of these two conifer species, CNFM has at least three advantages: 1 forming a multilayer stand structure to increase spatial availability, 2 enhancing positive interspecies synergy between conifer and broadleaf species to increase vitality and resilience of stands, and 3 thinning to allow the target trees to be released from competition. Based on our analysis of the data from 80 plots for the two forest types over five years 2008-2013, the yearly growth of standing volume increased to 19.3 m 3 ha for Pinus massoniana and 15.9 m 3 ha for Cunninghamia lanceolata, compared to the reference stand with 4 m 3 ha and 3.9 m 3 ha, respectively Figure 4. Figure 4. Volume per annual increment before and post-CNFM The observations also show that species composition had improved after eight years’ transformation from pure Pinus massoniana forest to mixed forest Figure 5, and likewise with the Cunninghamia lanceolata forest Figure 6. The species numbers in both types of forests are clearly higher through enrichment planting and identifyingprotecting natural regeneration through the transformation process. 5 10 15 20 25 Masson pine pre-operation Masson pine post-operation Chinese fir pre-operation Chinese fir post-operation Periodic annual increment of standing volume m 3 haParts
» forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Natural regeneration forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Agroforestry forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Ecological restoration forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» China forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Indonesia forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Myanmar forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Nepal forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Philippines forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Thailand forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Principles of CNFM Technical indicators with quantitative options
» Stand Operation Regime The five operational tasks of CNFM
» Commercial forest zone – timber production with no restriction on operation intensity.
» Species consideration for the MFFM plan
» Design of the FDT and operation models
» Brief cases of FLR in other regions
» Tentative results The five operational tasks of CNFM
» Causes of forest degradation
» Direct causes forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Underlying causes and agents of deforestation
» History of initiatives, strategies and techniques
» Major policies influencing rehabilitation initiatives in the New Order Era
» Industrial timber plantations HTI
» State forest rehabilitation programmes implemented by state-owned companies
» The FMU as an FLR approach: Sumbawa, Eastern Indonesia
» Gunungkidul District in Yogyakarta
» Conditions for success Broader socio-economic and political causes
» National strategy for forest and landscape restoration
» Permanent forest estate in 2002
» Forest landownership Broader socio-economic and political causes
» History of deforestation and forest degradation
» Deforestation rate Broader socio-economic and political causes
» Forest degradation Broader socio-economic and political causes
» Current status Broader socio-economic and political causes
» PFE status Broader socio-economic and political causes
» Direct causes Broader socio-economic and political causes
» Overexploitation and illegal logging
» Shifting cultivation forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Expansion of agricultural lands and construction of dams
» Demand on woodfuel forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Settlements and urbanization forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Population growth forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Poverty forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Weak law enforcement forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Conventional forest administration and lack of people’s participation
» Insufficient budget forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Impact on livelihoods No proper all-inclusive land-use policy
» Impact on biodiversity No proper all-inclusive land-use policy
» Impact of forest managementgovernance
» Plantation establishment forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Community forestry development forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Case study: Rehabilitation of Shin-ma-taung Hill in the Central dry zone of Myanmar
» General characteristics forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Deforestation and forest degradation in the area
» Rehabilitation efforts forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Reforming forest policies forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Reconciling global and national policies
» Public awareness forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Monitoring and evaluation forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Financing forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» The private sector National budget
» Location and topography National budget
» Land classification National budget
» Forest landownership National budget
» Current status of forest degradation and deforestation
» State of forest degradation and rehabilitation needs
» Forests under non-forest use
» Direct causes National budget
» Underlying causes National budget
» Environmental degradation in Nepal
» Technical approaches Other initiatives to implement forest restoration
» Economic assessment of different possible forest restorationrehabilitation strategies
» Case study: Chautara pine reforestation sites
» Conditions for success Forest restorationrehabilitation strategies
» Policy measures forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» National strategy for forest and landscape restoration: the way forward
» Brief overview Economic and market approaches
» Current status of forest degradation
» Economic impacts Underlying causes
» Environmental impacts Underlying causes
» Economic assessment of different forest restoration and rehabilitation techniques and approaches
» Conditions for success Techniques
» Reforms in major policy areas
» Consistency with current national policies
» Consistency with major international commitments
» Causes of forest degradation – direct causes
» Underlying causes Descriptive FLR strategies
» Environmental impact: extreme weather, change in soil resources
» Economic loss Descriptive FLR strategies
» Social consequences Descriptive FLR strategies
» A history of initiatives, strategies and techniques
» Forest area decline Forest restoration measures and methods
» Direct causes Forest restoration measures and methods
» Overharvesting of forests forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Infrastructure development forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Armed conflicts forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Underlying causes Forest fires
» Poverty and high population pressures
» Economic development policies forest landscape restoration for asia pacific forests 2016 04 eng
» Institutional weakness, weak law enforcement and financial deficits
» Conditions for success Finance
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