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2.3.1.6 Grounds-EXHORTATION
The Grounds-EXHORTATION relation is most like the grounds- CONCLUSION relation, however, in grounds-CONCLUSION the CONCLUSION
is a statement and in Grounds-EXHORTATION the EXHORTATION is always a command. Notice the difference between the two following examples:
grounds-CONCLUSION : The floor is clean, therefore, someone must have swept it. Grounds-EXHORTATION : The floor is clean so kept it that way.
The conjunction which typically are used in English to mark the grounds- EXHORTATION relation are so and therefore. In the following sentences, the part
of the sentence which is encoding the grounds proposition is in italics: 1.Father just painted the table, so don’t touch it.
2.It’s getting late, so let’s go to bed. 3.Peter like fish, so give him plenty.
2.3.1.7 Condition-CONSEQUENCE
The Condition CONSEQUENCE relation is also of the cause EFFECT type. H owever, the cause, that is, the condition, is either hypotical or there is some element
of uncertainty. This relation has often been subdivided into contrary-to–fact and potential fact.This subdivisions is pointed out in Barnwell 1980:183-184. Both types
are characteristically signaled by conjunction if. If that had happened, then this would have happened
. For example, if it had rained, I would have stayed home; If Jhon gets home in time, we’ll go.
In a contrary to fact Condition CONSEQUENCE relation, the condition is hy pothetical or imagined and did not, will not, or no is not expected to actually take
place. It is simply describing a condition which might have been but as a matter fact
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did not occur or is not expected to. For example, notice this sentence if were younger, I would go to Europe
. The first proposition is the condition and is contrary- to-fact since I am not younger. I would go to Europe, which is the consequence, is
also simply hypotical. In the sentence If he had not missed the bus, he would be there now
, the first proposition is the condition and the second is the CONSEQUENCE. Neither is a fact. They are only imagined.
Notice that the contrary-to-fact condition-CONSEQUENCE examples given above are in the past tense.That is, they are things that propositions are in the future
tense.This is true when they refer to EVENTS which are not expected to happen. For example, If I were to die tommorow, who would run the store?
The second type of condition-CONSEQUENCE relation is that of a potential fact. The propositions are either in the present or future. It is also unknown wheter
the condition will be met which will result in the CONSEQUENCE or not. For example, If you get there early, you will get inside. Since it has not yet happened, this
is simply a potential fact.The CONSEQUENCE of getting inside is dependent on the condition of getting there early.
In the following sentences, the part of the sentence which encodes the condition proposition is in italics.The first four examples illustrate contrary-to-fact
and the second two is potential fact. 1.If you had asked me, I would have helped you.
2.If he had eaten his dinner, he wouldn’t be hungry now. 3.Jhon would have caught the bus, if he had not stopped to talk.
4.I would have come earlier, if you had asked me to. 5.If a will is not signed, it is not valid.
6.If you get up early, you will not see the sun rise.
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CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Method
Kategori