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2.2.1.8 Conjunction
A conjunction is a word which connects two words or clauses or sentences and shows the relation between them.
There are three types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions, and each type is used differently within
a sentence.
1. Coordinating conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions connect two words or groups of words with similar values. They may connect two words, two phrases, two independent clauses
or two dependent clauses. For example, in each of the following sentences the coordinating conjunction
“and” connects equal words or groups of words: 1.Connects two words: John and Reggie stayed up all night practicing their guitars.
2.Connects two phrases: The squirrel scurried up the tree trunk and onto a low branch.
3.Connects two clauses: Several managers sat with their backs to us, and I could almost hear them snickering at us lowly workers.
There are only seven coordinating conjunctions in the English language, and they are often remembered by using the acronym “FANBOYS”: for, and, nor, but,
or, yet and so.
2. Correlative conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that cannot stand by themselves. A set of correlative conjunctions is usually located within the same
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sentence, and if not, each one from the pair is located in separate but closely related sentences. The five correlative conjunctions include:
Both, and Either, or
Neither, nor Not only, also
Not only, but also
3. Subordinating Conjunctions
These conjunctions are used to join an independent and complete clause with a dependent clause that relies on the main clause for meaning and relevance. The
dependent clause cannot exist on its own as a sentence and often does not make sense without the main clause.
The subordinating conjunction always comes before the dependent clause but the dependent clause itself can be placed either ahead of or following the
independent clause. 1.Since they had misbehaved, the boys were given one week suspensions from
school. Here, we see the dependent clause is ‘they had misbehaved’ which is not a valid
sentence by itself.The independent main clause is ‘the boys were given one week suspensions from school’.They are joined by the subordinating conjunction ‘since’.
2.He was fond of playing basketball because it was his father’s favourite game. In this sentence, because is the subordinating conjunction as it introduces the
dependent clause ‘it was his father’s favourite game’. The main clause in this
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sentence is ‘he was fond of playing basketball’ as it is the sentence which can be said independently and still be grammatically correct.
Subordinating conjunctions connect two groups of words by making one into a subordinating clause. The subordinating clause acts as one huge adverb, answering
the questions “when” or “why” about the main clause, or imposing conditions or opposition on it.
Here are some examples of subordinating conjunctions changing a clause into adverbial subordinating clauses in different ways:
I can go shopping after I finish studying for my exam. when Because
the night was young, Gertrude decided to take a walk. why I’ll give you a dime if you give me a dollar. condition
Although he never figured out why, Hanna winked on her way out the door.
opposition Other subordinating conjunctions are -As if, As in, As long as, As much as, Assuming
that, Before, Even though, How, In order that, In that, Now that, Once, Providing that, So long as, So that, Than, That, Though, Unless, Until, When, Whenever,
Wherever, Whether, While. subordinating conjunction.
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2.3 Logical Relation
Logical relation is use conjunctions as a joiner, a word that connects conjoins parts of a sentence. There seem to be two basic types of conjunctions. They are:
coordinating conjunctions used to connect two independent clauses and subordinating conjunctions used to establish the relationship between the dependent
clause and the rest of the sentence.In several types of logical relation, preposition is also use as the joiner.
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