Components of Task Literature Review
b Read a cue and complete a substitution or transformation drill. c Read a cue e.g. question and give a meaningful response i.e. one that is true
for the learner.
d Interactive
a Simulation e.g. reading a text about family, students, working from role cards, circulate and find other members of their family.
b Discussion e.g. students in small groups discuss texts about their families. c Problem solving e.g. in an information gap task, students are split into three
groups; each group read an incomplete description of a family; students recombine and have to complete a family tree, identify which picture from a
number of alternatives represents the family etc.. In this ten-step sequence, the demands on the learner gradually increase,
both within each phase, and from one phase to the next. It illustrates the notion of task continuity, where skills acquired or practiced in one step are then utilized and
extended in succeeding steps Nunan, 1989: 119.