SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued z. Insurance contract continued

PT BANK MANDIRI PERSERO Tbk. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS As of December 31, 2016 and for the year then ended Expressed in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated 67

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued ad. Income tax continued

Group’s management periodically evaluates the implementation of prevailing tax regulations especially those that are subject to further interpretation on its implementation, including evaluation on tax assessment letters received from tax authorities. Where appropriate the Bank establishes provisions based on the amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. Bank Mandiri and subsidiaries applies the balance sheet liability method to determine income tax expense. Under the balance sheet liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in the consolidated statement of financial position at each reporting date. This method also requires the recognition of future tax benefits, to the extent that realisation of such benefits is probable. Deferred tax assets are recognised if there is probable future that taxable income will be sufficient to compensate deferred tax assets arising on the temporary differences. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates enacted or substantively applied to the period during which the asset is realized or the liability is settled. The changes to the carrying value of deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the changes of tax rates are charged in the current year, except for transactions which previously have been directly charged or credited to equity. Amendments to taxation obligations are recorded when an assessment is received or, if appealed against, when the result of the appeal is determined. Management provides provision for future tax liability at the estimated amount that will be payable to the tax office if there is a probable tax exposure, based on management’s assessment as of the date of consolidated statement of financial position. Assumptions and estimation used in the provisioning calculation may involve element of uncertainty. The estimated corporate income tax of Bank Mandiri and Subsidiaries is calculated for each company as a separate legal entity. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities for different legal entities can not be set-off in the consolidated financial statements. Corporate tax payables and other tax payables of Bank Mandiri and Subsidiaries are presented as taxes payable in the consolidated statement of financial position. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis. ae. Temporary syirkah funds Temporary syirkah funds represent investment received by a Subsidiary. The Subsidiary has the right to manage and invest funds in accordance with either the Subsidiary’s policy or restriction set by the depositors with the agreed profit sharing. Relationship between the Subsidiary and the owner of temporary syirkah funds are based on partnership mudharabah muthlaqah, mudharabah muqayyadah or musyarakah. The examples of temporary syirkah funds are investment funds received from mudharabah muthlaqah, mudharabah muqayyadah, mudharabah musytarakah and other similar accounts. 1 Mudharabah muthlaqah represents mudharabah in which the fund owner shahibul maal entrusts to fund manager mudharibSubsidiary in managing its investment. PT BANK MANDIRI PERSERO Tbk. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS As of December 31, 2016 and for the year then ended Expressed in millions of Rupiah, unless otherwise stated 68

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued ae. Temporary syirkah funds continued

2 Mudharabah muqayyadah represents mudharabah in which the fund owner sets restrictions against fund manager regarding, among others, the place, the means andor the object of investment. 3 Mudharabah muqayyadah represents mudharabah in which fund manager also submits its capital or fund in the investment. Temporary syirkah funds cannot be classified as liability because the Subsidiary does not have any liability to return the fund to the owners, except for losses due to the Subsidiary’s management negligence or misrepresentation. On the other hand, temporary syirkah funds also cannot be classified as equity, because of the existence of maturity period and the depositors do not have the same rights as the shareholders, such as voting rights and the rights of realised gain from current asset and other non-investment accounts. Temporary syirkah funds represent one of the consolidated statement of financial position accounts which is in accordance with sharia principle that provide right to the Subsidiary to manage fund, including to mixing the funds with the other funds. The owner of temporary syirkah funds receive parts of profit in accordance with the agreement and receive loss based on the proportion to the total funds. The profit distribution of temporary syirkah funds might be based on profit sharing or revenue sharing concept. af. Interest and sharia income and expense i Conventional Interest income and expense for all interest-bearing financial instruments are recognised as “interest income” and “interest expense” in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income using the effective interest method. The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of financial assets and liabilities and allocating method the interest income or interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or, when appropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Group estimates cash flows considering all contractual terms of the financial instrument but does not consider future credit losses. The calculation includes all commissions, provision and other fees received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and all other premiums or discounts. Once a financial asset or a group of similar financial assets has been written down as a result of an impairment loss, interest income is recognised on the non-impaired portion of the impaired financial assets using the rate of interest used to discount the future cash flows for measuring the impairment loss. ii Sharia income Included in interest income and expense are sharia income and expense. The Subsidiarys income as a fund manager mudharib consists of income from murabahah and istishna transactions, income from ijarah leasing, income from profit sharing of mudharabah and musyarakah financing and other main operating income.