CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter identifies the research method, needs survey, feedback gathering, and research procedure used in the study.
A. RESEARCH METHOD
Designing the instructional materials which could be used in school, the writer used Educational Research and Development as a research method.
Educational Research and Development which are also abbreviated as R D, is a process employed to develop and validate educational products Borg, 1983: 772.
The goal of R D is to take the research knowledge and incorporate it into a product which can be used by the school. Besides, Borg also describes that R D provides a
cycle of research which consists of studying research findings that were useful for developing product and conducting field testing in the setting where the product will
be used and revising it to correct the deficiencies found in field-testing stages.
To develop minicourses using in R D, Borg suggests some major steps to be employed. They are comprised the following:
1 Research and information collection which includes review of literature,
classroom observations, and report. 2
Planning which covers defining skills, stating the objectives. 3
Preliminary form of product development. 4
Preliminary field testing which includes interview, observational and questionnaire data distributed in 1 to 3 schools by using 6 to 12 subjects.
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1 Main product revision which is taken from preliminary form of product.
2 Main field testing which is held in 5 to 15 schools with 30 to 100 subjects. This
test will assess students pre-course and post-course performance. 3
Operational product revision which is obtained from main field testing. 4
Operational field testing which is conducted in 10 to 30 schools with 40 to 400 subjects.
5 Final product revision which is provided from operational field testing.
6 Dissemination and implementation which includes reporting the product in
professional meetings and journals. The R D cycle can be used in various kinds of courses which are in attempt
to produce valuable products. In this study, the writer narrowed the study by dealing with the materials development without carrying out the implementation of the
products therefore; the writer only adapted the first five steps in conducting research. The first step was the writer carried out the research and information
collection. In this primary step, the writer carried out the needs survey and interview to gain information about the students as the subject whom the designed materials
are developed to. The writer also had review of literature by learning some supporting theories of research which were already described in Chapter II. The
second step was the writer made planning. It included determining the skill particularly speaking skill and the objectives of the course. The third step was the
writer started to develop preliminary product form of product. The writer would provide syllabus, lesson plan, instructional materials, and teacher’s guideline.
The fourth step was the writer conducted preliminary field test. The writer gained the feedback from the questionnaire distributed to the English teachers. The
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writer needed to know the suggestion and feedback toward the original version of designed materials for the final revision. In the final step, the writer provided main
product revision based on the feedback in preliminary field test.
A. NEEDS SURVEY
The needs survey research was used to gain information about students’ attitude toward English language and English learning in classroom, their preference
in learning English, and the activities that could attract them to learn English.
1. The Needs Survey Respondents
The respondents of the needs survey were: a.
The second grade English teacher of language program at SMA Stella Duce 1 Yogyakarta.
The interview was aimed at finding out information about students’ needs and characteristics in learning English.
b. The second grade students of language program at SMA Stella Duce 1
Yogyakarta. They were the main subjects of this study to whom the designed materials
were intended. The writer required to know about what the students wanted and needed concerning to the designed materials.
2. The Needs Survey Instruments
The writer employed questionnaire to acquire the information from the students and conducted interview with the English teachers. The writer applied open-
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closed type of questionnaire which provides alternative of answer. However, the respondents could give additional answer by their own. The writer presented the
complete questionnaire and interview for needs survey on the appendix C.
3. The Needs Survey Data
The writer presented the data of respondents including the teacher and students’ opinion about the condition of teaching speaking in classroom and the
students’ behavior toward learning speaking. The writer presented the result of data from interview with the English teachers in the form of conclusion. Unlike the
interview, the result of questionnaire was described in the form of percentage.
4. The Needs Survey Data Analysis
The data taken from needs survey was divided into two categories. The first one was data from interview with the English teachers. The result would be shown in
the sentence which would be concluded. The second data was taken from open- closed questionnaire taken from the students. The result of the data would be
calculated by percentage as follows:
n x
100
Σn
note: n : The number of respondents who chose certain answer
Σn
: The total number of respondent PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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