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5. The Role of Instructional Materials
Materials are one of the important elements needed in developing course design. Imel states that in CTL, materials should become a tool for helping learners
to reflect on and make changes in their lives 2004, in http:www.cew.wisc.eduteachnetctlhtml. It means that the teacher should be
creative in producing or adapting materials which are comprehensible and practicable for the students so as to improve their lives. In CTL, the writer will
develop task-based materials. It concerns with the problem-solving task that provided in cooperative learning. In addition, the task can be also the various kinds of
discussion, presentation, and games that can support the CTL class. The task-based materials are used in order to give the opportunity for the students to practice the
language use by presenting it in the form of many various kinds of CTL task.
6. Materials Design Model
In designing and writing the materials, Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 108 propose the materials design model for the teacher. The model is to provide a
coherent framework for the integration of various aspects of learning as well as the room for teacher’s creativity.
This model consists of four components. The first component is input, which provides stimulus materials for activities, new language items, correct model of
language use, and topic for communication. The second component is content focus, which is used to present language as a means of conveying information and feelings
about something. The third component is language focus, which brings the chance for the students to take language into pieces, study how it works, and practice putting
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back together. The fourth component is communicative task, which helps the learners to practice language use. These components are flexible for the teacher to develop
and apply the materials as long as the objectives of learned can be attained.
Input
Task Content
Language
Figure 1: Hutchinson’s Waters’ Material Design Model 1987: 108
Elaborating the coherence between the components in material design model for teaching speaking, the writer develops the stimulus materials and topic in the
beginning as the input. After that, the writer provides the content focus that involves the students’ expected behavior toward the language followed by communicative
tasks which direct the students to learn and practice the language focus that provides the expression in speaking.
7. Syllabus Design
Yalden defines syllabus as an instrument used by teacher to achieve degree of appropriateness between needs and aims of learner and the learning activities in
classroom 1984: 14. Syllabus becomes the guidelines in preparing the materials and activities for teaching language in classroom. The syllabus used in classroom can be
adapted the method of learning in classroom. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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