Dichanthium aristatum Poir. C.E. Hubb. Fl. Trop. Afr. 9:178. 1917.

Found in North Africa, Western Asia, Arabia, China, Eastern Asia, India, Indo- China, Malesia, Australasia, Mexico, Mesoamericana. Weed species, under grazing forms open turf, used for rough lawns, attractive, very palatable both as pasture and hay, excellent fodder, forage, readily eaten by horses and all kinds of cattle, suitable for silage, low nutritive value, drought-resistant, survives short-term flooding, stands very heavy grazing, naturalized, widely used for hay in India, tolerates saline soils well, useful for erosion control, excellent ground cover. Distribution at Sulawesi Central: Kalosi?, Alt. 700 m. Habitat Occurs along roadsides, bushy places, open disturbed areas, pasture, in grassland on rocky ground, stony or sandy plains, sandstone, waste ground, moist soil, slopes and disturbed clearings, canal banks, tropics and subtropics, stream channel, on calcareous substrates. Specimen examined Kjellberg 3020 BO.

27.2. Dichanthium aristatum Poir. C.E. Hubb. Fl. Trop. Afr. 9:178. 1917.

Andropogon aristatus Poir. Encycl., Suppl. 12: 585. 1811. Andropogon mollicomus Kunth. Revis. Gramin. 1: 365, pl. 96. 1830. Andropogon nodosus Willemet Nash. N. Amer. Fl. 172: 122. 1912. Dichanthium nodosum Willemet. Ann. Bot. Usteri 18: 11. 1796. Diplasanthum lanosum Desv. Mem. Soc. Agric. Angers 1: 170, pl. 8, f. 1. 1831. Lepeocercis mollicoma Kunth Nees. Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 185. 1835. Plants perennial, tufted. Culms 40-80 cm long, decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes. Nodes bearded by very short spreading hairs. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Blades 5-20 cm by 2-4 mm. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Peduncle pubescent above. Racemes 1-6, 2-8 cm long, digitate. Rachis fragile at the nodes, subterete, ciliate on margins, internodes filiform. Spikelets in pairs: fertile spikelets sessile, 1 in the cluster; companion sterile spikelets pedicelled, 1 in the cluster. Pedicels filiform, without a translucent median line, ciliate. Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without rhachilla extension; elliptic, 2-5 mm long, dorsally compressed, falling entire, deciduous with accesory branch structures; callus pilose, base obtuse, attached transversely. Sterile spikelets: basal sterile spikelets well- developed, 2-12 in number lower raceme, barren, or male, smaller than fertile ; lemmas awnless. Companion sterile spikelets well-developed, containing empty lemmas, or male, oblong, as long as fertile, separately deciduous; lemmas enclosed by glumes, muticuous. Florets: basal sterile florets barren, without significant palea; lemma hyaline. Fertile lemma linear, hyaline without keel, 1-nerved; apex entire, 1- awned; principal awn apical, 10-20 mm, geniculate, with twisted column. Palea absent, or minute. Anthers 3. Notes Found in tropical Africa, Arabia, China, Eastern Asia, India, Papuasia, Australasia, Mesoamericana, and South America. Weed species, very drought- resistant, very palatable, excellent fodder grass, forage, grown as pasture grass, can stand heavy grazing, salt-tolerant, survives short-term flooding, naturalized, a prolific seeder. Distribution at Sulawesi Celebes. Habitat Occurs in disturbed areas, calcareous substrates, moist areas, natural pastures, heavy soil, roadsides, uncultivated lands. Specimen examined Kurniawan 76 WALL.

27.3. Dichantium caricosum L. A. Camus. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 549.