b. Culms up to 10 cm long; inflorescence up to 1.5 cm long; spikelets loosely
overlapping; palea absent; anthers 0.7 mm long ..............93.2 Zoysia pasifica 93.1.
Zoysia matrella L. Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 74: 20, 230. 1912
Agrostis matrella L. Mant. Pl. 2: 185. 1771; Blumea 261: 169-175. 1980; Grass. Burma, Ceylon, India Pakistan i-xviii, 1-767. 1960.
Zoysia malaccensis Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 667: 303. 1919; Blumea 261: 169-175. 1980.
Plants perennial, mat forming, rhizomatous, and stoloniferous. Culms 5-25 cm long, wiry. Sheaths longer than adjacent culm internode; glabrous on surface. Ligule
a ciliate membrane. Blades 2-10 cm by 1-3 mm, filiform, or linear, flat, or involute. Inflorescence composed of racemes, single, 0.5-4 cm long. Spikelets ascending,
solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled; comprising 1 fertile florets, without rachilla extension; lanceolate to ovate, laterally compressed, 2-4 mm long, falling entire.
Glumes dissimilar, exceeding apex of florets, firmer than fertile lemma, shiny. Upper glume lanceolate to ovate, as long as spikelet, coriaceous, no keels, 3-nerved; apex
acute, muticuous; 1-awned, 1 mm long. Florets: fertile lemma oblong, 2-3 mm long, hyaline, no keels, 1-nerved; apex emarginate; palea 0.5 times length of lemma,
hyaline, no keels. Anthers 3, 1.2 mm long.
Notes
Found in Africa, China, Eastern Asia, India, Indo-China, Malesia, Australia, Pasific, North and South America.
Distribution
Central: Palu, Alt. 0 m, 50 m. South: Bonthain. Southeast: Kendari.
Habitat Specimen examined
Henippman 5023 BO; Posthumus 2256 BO; Kjellberg 3082, 382 BO.
93.2. Zoysia pasifica Goudswaard M. Hotta Kuroki. Acta Phytotax. Geobot.
451: 71-72, f.1A. 1994. Zoysia matrella var. pacifica Goudswaard. Blumea 26: 172, 174, Map 1. 1980.
Plants perennial, stoloniferous, forming a low dense sward. Culms 5-10 cm long, much branched. Sheaths glabrous, bearded with 2-5 mm hairs. Blades 4-6 cm
by 1 mm, soft, setaceous. Inflorescence composed of racemes, linear, up to 1.5 cm long. Spikelets 6-12, loosely overlapping; rachis waxy; pedicels shorter than spikelet,
up to 1.6 mm long, scabrous, slightly widened at apex; 2-3 mm, straw coloured tinged purplish. Glumes dissimilar; lower glume absent; upper glume lanceolate, shiny,
obscurely 5-nerved, apex subacute, sometimes with subapical awn-point; lemma slightly shorter than upper glume, 1-nerved; palea absent. Anthers 0.7 mm.
Notes
Found in Africa, China, Malesia, Australia, and America. This fine-leaved, densely growing, low grass forms exellent lawns and is grown in gardens in China.
Distribution at Sulawesi
Celebes.
Habitat
Rocky and coral beaches.
Specimen examined Hatusima 24127 L.
Tribe 9. EHRHARTEAE Nevski. Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser.1, Fl.
Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 227. 1937. Type: Ehrharta Thunb. Kongl. Vetensk. Acad.
Handl. 40: 217, pl. 8. 1779.
Plants annual, or perennial. Blades linear. Ligules usually membraneous. Inflorescence a panicle, often contracted, or reduced. Spikelets with 3 florets, 2 lower
florets reduced to sterile lemmas, upper floret fertile, laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes but not between the florets. Glumes shorter than, or
exceeding florets, membraneous, persistent; sterile lemmas subequal, leathery, keeled, often transversely wrinkled, the upper hooked at the base, enclosing fertile floret,
awned; fertile lemma cartillaginuous to leathery, keeled, 5-7-nerved; lodicules 2, elliptic or bi-lobed; stamens 1-4, or 6; stigmas 2. Caryopsis with small embryo and
linear hilum. One genus and c. 30 species.
Genus description and the variety 33.
EHRHARTA Thunb. Type: Ehrharta capensis Thunb. Kongl. Vetenskaps
Academiens Handlinger 40: 217, t. 8. 1779. Diplax Sol. ex Bennet. Pl. Jav. Rar. 11. 1838.
Microlaena R. Br. Prodr. 210. 1810. Tetrarrhena R. Br. Prodr. 209. 1810.
Trochera Rich. Observ. Phys. 13: 225. 1779; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 39: 56. 2000.
Named after the German botanist Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart 1742-1795, pupil of Linneaus.
About 30 species, mostly tropical and southern Africa, Indonesia to New Zealand. Plant annual or perennial, tufted, wiry, stoloniferous or rhizomatous. Culms
erect or scandent or decumbent, herbaceous and persistent. Blades flat or rolled. Auricles present or absent. Ligule short truncate and membraneous or a ring of hairs.
Blades flat and linear to linear-lanceolate. Plants bisexual, cleistogamous or chasmogamous. Inflorescence usually a narrow panicle or rarely a raceme. Spikelets
pedicellate and solitary; spikelets 3-flowered with 1 bisexual flower above 2 sterile ones. Glumes dissimilar, keeled; sterile lemmas awnless or terminal awned and hairy
or glabrous; fertile lemma keeled and sometimes with earlike appendages at the base. Palea narrow, 2-keeled. Lodicule 2, free and toothed. Stamens 1 to 6. Ovary glabrous
without the apical appendage. Stigma 2.
33.1.1. Ehrharta diplax var. giulianettii Stapf. L.P.M Willemse. Blumea 281 :
188-189, f. 1, 3a. 1982. Plant perennial, caespitose. Rhizomes absent. Basal innovations, flabellate.
Culms erect, up to 110 cm long, 1-2.5 mm long diameter; internodes thin-walled. Lateral branches lacking. Sheaths mostly basal. Ligule an eciliate membrane, 6-8 mm
long. Blades 7-15 cm by 0.5-1 mm, erect, filiform, involute. Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle open, or contracted, lanceolate, or oblong, 6-18 cm long. Spikelets spreading,
solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels filiform. Notes
Distribution at Sulawesi
Celebes.
Habitat Specimen examined
Not seen.
Tribe 10. ERAGROSTIDEAE Stapf. Fl. Cap. 7: 316. 1898. Type: Eragrostis
Wolf. Gen. Pl. 23. 1776.
Coelachyrum Hochst. Nees. Linnaea 162: 221. 1842.
Plants annual, or perennial. Blades linear to filiform. Ligule a line of hairs, infrequently membraneous. Inflorescence a panicle, or composed of tough unilateral
racemes of biseriate spikelets. Racemes digitate, or scattered along an axis, or rarely single, persistent or deciduous. Spikelets usually laterally compressed, with one floret,
or more usually several to many, the uppermost reduced, 1-nerved, membraneous and shorter than the lowest lemma, rarely longer. Floret callus sometimes bearded.
Lemmas membraneous to leathery, 1-3-nerved, glabrous or hairy, apex entire or 2-3- toothed occasionally with small subsidiary lobes between teeth, mucronate or awned
from apex or sinus. Palea keels sometimes winged. Stamens 1-3. Fruit sometimes with free pericarp.
Key to the Genera
1.a. Spikelets with 1 floret ………………………………………………………..2 b. Spiklelets with 2, or more floret ……………………………………………..3
2.a. Ligule membraneous; lemma 3-nerved, awned, fruit caryopsis ……………… …………………………………………………………….61. Muhlenbergia
b. Ligule a line of hairs; lemma 1-nerved, awnless, fruit with free pericarp…….
………………………………………………………………..87. Sporobolus
3.a. Inflorescence of 2 to many racemes along a central axis ……………………4 b. Inflorescence a panicle ………………………………………..36. Eragrostis
4.a. Lemmas hairy along the nerves, not strongly keeled, or rounded ..................... ………………………………………………………………..54. Leptochloa
b. Lemmas glabrous, strongly keeled …………………………………………..5
5.a. Racemes terminating in a sharp point …………………..25. Dactyloctenium b. Racemes terminating in a fertile spikelets ….…………………...34. Eleusine
Genus description and key to the species 25.
DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd. Type: Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. Willd.
Enum. Pl. 2: 1029. 1809; Amer. J. Bot. 81: 622-629. 1994; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 814: 784-791. 1994; Fl. Ethiopia Eritrea 7: 134-137. 1995; Contr. U.S. Natl.
Herb. 41: 64-65. 2001.
From the Greek dactylos “finger”, and ktenion “a little comb”, alluding to the comb-like arrangement of the spikelets and the digitate arrangement of the spikes.
About 13 species, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australasia, and America. Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous, branched, caespitose, mat-forming, often stoloniferous,
prostrate to erect, decumbent or ascending. Culms solid or hollow. Auricles absent. Ligule a ciliolate membrane or a rim of hairs. Sheath keeled with scabrous margins.
Blades linear to linear-lanceolate and finely tapered to pungent. Plants bisexual. Inflorescence several spreading spikes all near together at or paired or near the top of
the culm; digitate racemes each terminating in a bare point; primary branches digitate reflexed or spreading. Spikelets solitary and laterally compressed; terminal floret
barren. Glumes 2, more or less equal and strongly keeled. Lower glume persistent and ovate. Upper glume more or less persistent and mucronate or short-awned below the
tip; strongly keeled lemmas acute or acuminate to shortly awned. Palea 2-keeled. Lodicule 2 fleshy truncate. Stamen 3. Ovary glabrous. Stigma 2. Caryopsis small,
sculptured or rugose. Shade tolerant, sand binder, soil stabilizer, fruits edible, rhizomes chewed like
sugarcane, lawns and playing fields, weed species, cultivated fodder, native pasture species, common in open habitats, arid and semiarid places, saline habitats, dunes, on
dry sandy soils, rainforest, reputed to contain cyanogenic glucosides.
25.1. Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. Willd. Pl. Eur. 1:68. 1870.
