STENOTAPHRUM Trin. Type: Stenotaphrum glabrum Trin. Fund. Agrost.

Habitat Sunny, sandy beach. Specimen examined Leeuwen-Reijnvaan 1476 BO.

88. STENOTAPHRUM Trin. Type: Stenotaphrum glabrum Trin. Fund. Agrost.

175. 1820. Diastemanthe Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 360. 1854; Grass. Burma, Ceylon, India Pakistan i-xviii, 1-767. 1960. Ophiurinella Desv., Mem. Soc. Agric. Angers 1: 179, t. 8, f. 4. 1831. From the Greek stenos “narrow”, and taphros “a trench”, referring to the cavities in the inflorescence-rachis. About 7 species, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Pasific, and America. Plants annual, or perennial. Culms stoloniferous, stems flattened. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Peduncle persistent, or disarticulating. Spikelets alternating on the exposed face of the raceme-axis and appressed into cavities along it, very short stalked, sometimes reduced to one floret. Glumes shorter than spikelet, or reaching apex of florets, thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume facing outwards, shorter than upper. Lower floret male, or neuter, with well-developed palea. Upper floret with stiff shinning lemma, its folded edges overlapping the palea except at the tip. 88.1. Stenotaphrum secundatum Walt. Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794. 1891. Diastemanthe platystachys Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 360. 1854; Brittonia 242: 202-222. 1972. Ischaemum secundatum Walter, Fl. Carol. 249. 1788; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46: 608-609. 2003. Plants perennial, mat forming, stoloniferous. Culms creeping, 10-30 cm long. Sheaths 3-6 cm long, flattened, keeled. Ligule a fringe of white ciliate hairs. Blades 2-15 cm by 4-9 mm, apex obtuse. Inflorescence composed of racemes, 5-6 cm long, deciduous. Racemes borne along central axis, in a unilateral false spike, sunken, 1 cm long, bearing few fertile spikelets on each. Rachis flattened, terminating in a barren extension. Spikelets packing abaxial; sunken in axis, solitary. Fertile spikelets sessile; comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without rachilla extension; oblong, 5 mm long, dorsally compressed, falling entire. Glumes dissimilar, reaching apex of florets, thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume ovate, 0.2 times length of upper glume, 0.3 times length of spikelet, membraneous, no keels; apex obtuse. Upper glume ovate, membraneous, no keels, 7-9-nerved; apex acute. Florets: basal sterile florets male, with palea; lemma ovate, as long as spikelet, coriaceous, 7-9-nerved, no grooves, acute. Fertile lemma lanceolate, 4.5 mm long, chartaceous, no keels, 5- nerved; margins flat; apex acute. Palea chartaceous. Notes Found in Europe, Africa, Arabia, China, Papuasia, Australasia, Pasific, and South America. Distribution at Sulawesi Celebes. Habitat Specimen examined Sabintoe 28 WALL.

90. THUAREA Pers. Type: Thuarea sarmentosa Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 110. 1805.