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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Review of Studies
In doing an analysis in this proposal, some works from other researchers are viewed in an intention to use it as a guideline to finish this proposal. Those works are
taken from many resources but the point is those works are dealing with translation and equivalence. Those works reflect any kind of method of study, theory of study,
and how to draw a conclusion toward the motion and those things may help to finish this present study well.
The first work which is going to be reviewed is a thesis by Rahmadhani 2003 entitled “The Equivalence of Prepositional Phrase in the Translation of J.K.
Rowling’s “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix” Listiana Srisanti’s “Harry Potter and Orde Phoenix”. In doing this analysis she used a descriptive qualitative
method which reflected on the real facts existing among society. Besides, she also laid her analysis on Nida’s theory which focuses on Formal and Dynamic
equivalence. As the result of this analysis, she found both in the source text and the target
text, I draw some conclusions. Firstly, the prepositional phrase of the source text can be translated into part of Nida’s types of equivalence. They are: formal equivalence
870 cases and dynamic equivalence 76 cases. The dominant type found in the translation product is formal equivalence. The percentage of formal equivalence is
91,97 while the percentage for the dynamic equivalence is 8,03 . Secondly, the prepositional phrase found in the source text are not always translated, due to the
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differences in the culture language is a part of culture between the source and the target text. That is between the English and Indonesia culture.
Besides a thesis by Rahmadhani another work is reviewed here. The thesis is entitled ”
The Equivalence of Passive Verbs in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows and Its Translation into “Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian” BY
Listiana Srisanti”written by Julkhairi Nasution 2009. This thesis was based on quantitave method went towards Nida’s theory.
After analyzing the data both found in ST and TT, there are some conclusions that can be drawn. First, types of equivalence based on Nida’s theory can be found in
the translation of passive verbs in TT. There are 712 cases where 491 cases belong to Formal Equivalence and 221 cases belong to Dynamic Equivalence. The dominant
type is Formal Equivalence with the percentage 68, 97 and the percentage for Dynamic Equivalence is 31, 03 . Second, the passive verbs in ST sometimes
translated into infinitive, adverb, adjective or active verbs due to the effort in making the translation appropriate and suitable with the culture of TT and to make it
understandable for the reader of TT.
2.2. Definition of Translation.
Dubois in Bell, 1991: 5 says, “Translation is the expression in another language or target language of what has been expressed in another, source
language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences. Bell 1991:6 also says, Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a
representation of an equivalent text in a second language. Different languages reflect different values and cultures. This happens since every language has its own
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