in the teaching learning situation. Thus, the researcher wanted to involve them as the interviewees in pre-design survey to gain as many information as possible through
informal interview in order to find out the students’ needs based on their opinions. Furthermore, the reseacher also distributed a questionnaire in order to gain
evaluation, suggestion, and judgment for the proposed materials. b. Lecturers of English Education Study Program
Lecturer who teaches related to the research such as Language Teaching Methodology, Language Teaching Strategies, Curriculum and Material Development,
Instructional Design, and teaching writing were also chosen to be the respondents of this research. Thus, the researcher distributed the second questionnaire to two
lecturers of English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University intended to obtain evaluation for the proposed materials. The description of the respondents of
designed materials evaluation is presented in table 3.1.
Table 3.1. Description of the respondents blank Sex Educational
Background Teaching Experience
in years F M D3 S1 S2 S3 1-5 6-10 11-15
16 English teachers
English lecturers
C. Research Setting
SMKN 2 Depok Sleman is a Vocational Engineering School that the teaching learning is conducted in the school itself. Therefore, this research was conducted in
both SMKN 2 Depok Sleman and Sanata Dharma University because it included PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
some lecturers of the university. This research was also conducted for the eleventh grade students of 2008 academic year.
D. Research Instruments
According to Ary, Razavieh, and Jacobs 1979, research instrument can be used to obtained information concerning facts, beliefs, intentions, and so on.
Tehrefore, the researcher used instruments for getting the information. There were two kind of instruments used in this research. They are as follows.
1. Questionnaires
The research used two questionnaires as the main instruments to obtain data from appropriate and qualified respondents. Questionnaires were considered more
efficient and practical for this research. They took less time compared to interviewing each respondent.
The first questionnaire was used to obtain information about the learners’ needs, interests, and characteristics. According to Ary et. al. 1979, survey
instruments have two basic types of questions namely open-ended questions and close-ended questions. The first type is used when there are a great number of
possible answers and those answers could not be predicted. The second type is used when all the possible and relevant responses to a question can be specified and they
are limited. To construct the items in the first questionnaire, the researcher used close-
ended questions. The researcher provided a number of possible answers. The PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
questionnaire was written in Bahasa Indonesia, so that the respondents would not find any difficulties in answering the questions.
The second questionnaire was used to gain evaluation and opinions of the proposed designed materials. It was used as the basis of revising and evaluating the
designed materials. The questionnaire was divided into two sections. In the first section, the researcher used Likert-type items. The respondents responded each
statement provided by choosing responses from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree” with the range of 1 to 5. for the second section, the researcher used open-
ended questions that required written answers.
2. Interview
An interview is conducted to obtain information by actually talking to the subject Selinger and Shahomy, 1989: 166. In other words, an interview was a sense
of oral questionnaire. In this research, interview was conducted in order to gain further information about the learners’ needs, which was not covered in the first
questionnaire.
E. Data Gathering Technique
For gathering the data, the researcher used two kinds of questionnaire. The first questionnaire was given to the eleventh grade students of SMKN 2 Depok
Sleman Yogyakarta in order to obtain information of the learners’ needs and interests. Besides, an interview with one of the eleventh grade of English teacher was also
administered to complete the data needed. All the data gathered were used to design PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
the writing materials. After designing the materials, the researcher distributed the second questionnaire to three of English teachers of SMKN 2 Depok Sleman
Yogyakarta and two lecturers of English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. The second questionnaire was intended to gain feedback on the proposed
materials in form of suggestions, opinions, and ideas. The evaluation would be the basis for making the final revision of the instructional writing materials design.
F. Data Analysis Techniques
The data were attained from the questionnaire and interview. The first questionnaire distributed to the eleventh grade students of SMKN 2 Depok Sleman
Yogyakarta containing some data about the students’ interests in learning writing, the topics and activities they were interested in, and difficulties in learning writing. The
data from the questionnaire was calculated using the formula as follows:
n x
N =
× 100
Note: N : The percentage of expected opinion from the students
x : The number of students who choose a certain answer n : The total number of the students
The next data were gathered from the second questionnaire. It contained personal opinions about the topics by presenting a set of statements about the topics
and asking the second group respondents to point out those statements whether they are strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, or strongly disagree Ary et al.,
2002:224. The five points of agreement which were used to assess the respondents’ opinion will be presented as follows:
Table 3.2: Points of Agreement on the designed materials
Points of Agreement Meaning
1 Strongly disagree
2 Disagree 3 Undecided
4 Agree 5 Strongly
agree The data were analyzed to find out the average of all scores in a distribution
namely mean. The mean was found by adding all the scores and dividing by the number of the respondents. The respondents’ opinions on the designed materials were
presented in table 3.3.
Tabel 3.3. The Results of the Second Questionnaire Blank
No Respondents’ Opinions
Frequency of the Point of Agreement
N Central Tendency
1 2 3 4 5 Mn
The average points or means are calculated using this formula:
n x
x
∑
= Note:
x
: the average point
∑
x
: the sum of all scores N
: the number of respondents
G. Research Procedures
