Kesimpulan Saran Pemanenan dan pengolahan buah Rotan Jernang (Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume dalam upaya peningkatan produksi serta mutu Jernang

BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

6.1 Kesimpulan

a. Potensi jernang di Kabupaten Sarolangun terdapat di dua kecamatan yaitu di Kecamatan Air Hitam dan Pauh. Potensi di Kecamatan Air Hitam Hutan alam sebesar 1,08 kghath dan di Desa Lamban Sigatal HTR sebesar 180 kghath. Total potensi jernang di Kabupaten Sarolangun sebesar 226,66 tontahun. b. Pemanenan buah rotan jernang dilakukan dengan menggunakan galah dan alat pengait. Buah rotan jernang yang baik dipanen adalah buah yang tua tetapi belum terlalu masak dengan ciri berwarna cokelat kemerahan. c. Rendemen jernang hasil masyarakat 7,26 lebih besar dibandingkan cara perebusan 1, 2 dan 3 jam 3,27, 3,24 dan 3,10. Berdasarkan SNI jernang 2010, pengujian sifat fisiko-kimia jernang hasil cara masyarakat termasuk mutu A sedangkan cara perebusan termasuk mutu super.

6.2 Saran

a. Diperlukan modifikasi alat pemanenan agar buah rotan jernang yang dipanen tidak jatuh ke tanah karena dapat mengurangi produksi jernang yang akan diperoleh. b. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk memodifikasi cara perebusan agar dapat meningkatkan rendemen. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Anonim. 2006. Peta Jambi. http:www.indonesia-tourism.comjambimap. [25 Desember 2010]. Arifin W. 2007. Konservasi Hutan Dataran Rendah Melalui Budidaya Rotan Jernang. Warta Gita Buana 1:2-4. [ASTM] American Society for Testing and Material. 1981. Methods of test for moisture content of wood . Philadelphia: ASTM D2016-74. ASTM Part 22 [BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2010. Resin Jernang. Jakarta: Standar Nasional Indonesia 1671:2010. hlm 1-7. [BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2001. Gondorukem. Jakarta: Standar Nasional Indonesia 01-5009.12:2001. hlm 1-10. Bursa Transmigrasi. 2010. Potensi Calon Lokasi Transmigrasi Lamban Sigatal, Kabupaten Sarolangun, Provinsi Jambi. Departemen Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi.www.bursatransmigrasi.depnakertrans.go.id...kawasan_deta il.php. [25 November 2010]. [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 1995. Jambi Dalam angka. Jambi: Badan Pusat Statistik. [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2001. Sarolangun Dalam Angka. Kabupaten Sarolangun: Badan Pusat Statistik. [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2010. Jambi Dalam Angka. Jambi: Badan Pusat Statistik. [DISBUNHUT]. 2009. Laporan Tahunan Dinas Perkebunan dan Kehutanan Kabupaten Sarolangun . Dinas Perkebunan dan Kehutanan, Jambi. Gita Buana. 2008. Peta Usulan Kawasan Kelola Jernang. Sarolangun. Jambi: Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat. 1 lembar. Gita Buana. 2009. Laporan Kegiatan PRA Lamban Sigatal. Dokumen Yayasan Gita Buana. Jambi: Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat. Januminro. 2000. Rotan Indonesia: Potensi, Budidaya, Pemanenan, Pengolahan, Standar Mutu dan Prospek Pengusahaan . Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Kalima T. 1991. Beberapa Jenis Daemonorops Penghasil Jernang dan Permasalahannya. Sylva Tropika 6 1:15-18. Kholik A, Sugiharto S, Fauzi DI, Suprianto A, Suprayitno D. 2005. Eksplorasi Biopeptisida dan Getah Jernang. Laporan Tahunan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan Kalimantan . hlm 1-29. Purwanto Y, Polosakan R, Susiarti S, Walujo E. 2005. Ekstraktivisme Jernang Daemonorops spp dan Kemungkinan Pengembangannya. Laporan Teknik. Bidang Botani, Pusat Penelitian Biologi-LIPI . Bogor. Rachman O, Jasni. 2008. ROTAN: Sumberdaya, Sifat dan Pengolahannya. Bogor: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan. Risna RA. 2006. Dragon’s blood Daemonorops draco Tumbuhan Obat Yang Menjanjikan Dari Taman Nasional Bukit Tiga Puluh. Warta Kebun Raya 61:45-49. Siswanto BE, Wahjono D. 1996. Metode Inventarisasi Rotan di Kelompok Hutan Sungai LimunSungai Tembesi, Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan Sarko- Kerinci, Jambi. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 600:15-26. Sumarna Y. 1995. Kemungkinan Budidaya Rotan di bawah Tegakan Tanaman Industri. Di dalam: Seminar Hasil Penelitian HTI. Prosiding Ekspose Hasil- Hasil Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor: 23 Maret 1994. Bogor: Pusat penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. hlm 121-124. Sumarna Y. 2004. Budidaya Rotan Penghasil Resin Jernang. Bogor: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan. Sumarna Y. 2009. Ekologi dan Teknik Perkecambahan dan Pembibitan Rotan Jernang Pulut Daemonorops draco Willd. Blume. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 6 1:31-39 Suwardi SE, Zulnely, Yusnita E. 2003. Peningkatan Efisiensi dan Teknik Isolasi Jernang. Laporan Hasil Penelitian Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan . hlm 1-12. Waluyo TK. 2008. Teknik Ekstraksi Tradisional dan Analisis Sifat-Sifat Jernang Asal Jambi Tradisional Extraction Technique and Analysis Of Properties Of Jambi Dragon’s Blood . Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 261: 30-40. Winarni I, Waluyo TK, Hastoeti P. 2005. Sekilas Tentang Jernang Sebagai Komoditi yang Layak Dikembangkan. Di dalam: Penguatan Industri Kehutanan Melalui Peningkatan Efisiensi, Mutu dan Diversifikasi Produk Hasil Hutan. Prosiding Ekspose Hasil-Hasil Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor, 14 Desember 2004. Bogor: Pusat penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan. hlm 173-177. LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Dokumen penelitian a b c d e f g h i j k Keterangan: a : Buah rotan jernang b : Galah dan alat pengait c : Keranjang buah dan alat penumbuk d : Cara perebusan e : Air rebusan dan jernang f : Pengukuran kadar resin g : Pengukuran kadar kotoran h : Pengukuran titik leleh i : Pengukuran kadar abu j : Serbuk jernang k : Pengujian Warna jernang Lampiran 2 Pengukuran kadar air buah Perlakuan berat petri berat buah petri setelah dioven Berat jernang KA buah Masyarakat 24,569 5,716 26,785 2,216 157,94 Perebusan 1 jam 24,569 4,501 26,073 1,504 199,27 Perebusan 2 jam 24,892 4,721 26,464 1,572 200,32 Perebusan 3 jam 22,502 4,422 23,952 1,45 204,97 Lampiran 3 Rendemen buah dengan cara masyarakat dan perebusan Perlakuan Ulangan Berat buah g Berat Buah tanpa biji g Berat jernang g Kadar air buah BKT buah g Rendemen BKT Masyarakat 1 100 5,0 157,94 62,916 7,95 2 110 5,167 69,208 7,47 3 100 4,0 62,916 6,36 Rata-rata 7,26 1 jam 1 400,009 251,647 7,860 199,27 199,736 3,94 2 400,056 251,116 5,753 199,760 2,88 3 400,013 247,142 5,987 199,738 3,0 Rata-rata 3,27 2 jam 1 400,192 253,015 5,692 200,32 198,786 2,86 2 400,011 239,845 6,059 198,696 3,05 3 400,192 246,099 7,591 198,786 3,82 Rata-rata 3,24 3 jam 1 400,043 241,492 6,098 204,97 194,228 3,14 2 400,123 244,901 5,967 194,267 3,07 3 400,147 236,42 5,998 194,279 3,09 Rata-rata 1,505 3,10 Lampiran 4 Pengukuran kadar abu Perlakuan ulangan Berat jernang g b. cawan+ abu g bobot petri akhir g kadar abu masyarakat 1 1,009 24,911 24,893 1,78 2 1,000 28,322 28,303 1,90 3 1,050 18,605 18,586 1,81 Rata-rata 1,83 1 jam 1 1,002 21,311 21,300 1,10 2 1,036 27,594 27,582 1,16 3 1,010 18,461 18,450 1,09 Rata-rata 1,12 2 jam 1 1,001 17,967 17,951 1,60 2 1,035 17,910 17,899 1,06 3 1,000 19,445 19,426 1,90 Rata-rata 1,52 3 jam 1 0,997 20,959 20,946 1,30 2 1,095 25,726 25,705 1,92 3 1,025 22,487 22,471 1,56 Rata-rata 1,59 Lampiran 5 Pengukuran kadar air Lampiran 6 Pengukuran titik leleh dan warna Perlakuan Ulangan Titik leleh Warna Masyarakat 1 94 merah tua 2 94 merah tua 3 100 merah tua Rata-rata 96 1 jam 1 82 merah tua 2 82 merah tua 3 82 merah tua Rata-rata 82,000 2 jam 1 84 merah tua 2 80 merah tua 3 85 merah tua Rata-rata 83 3 jam 1 80 merah tua 2 86 merah tua 3 84 merah tua Rata-rata 83,33 Perlakuan Ulangan Berat petri g Serbuk jernang g Jernang stlh dioven g Berat jernang stlh DIoven KA Jernang Masyarakat 1 24,892 1,009 25,871 0,979 3,06 2 28,298 1,000 29,262 0,964 3,73 3 18,610 1,050 19,623 1,013 3,65 Rata-rata 3,48 1 JAM 1 21,317 1,002 22,282 0,965 3,83 2 27,584 1,036 28,582 0,998 3,81 3 18,453 1,010 19,431 0,978 3,27 Rata-rata 3,64 2 JAM 1 18,085 1,001 19,051 0,966 3,62 2 17,947 1,035 18,951 1,004 3,09 3 19,489 1,000 20,457 0,968 3,31 Rata-rata 3,34 3 JAM 1 20,971 0,997 21,931 0,960 3,85 2 25,727 1,095 26,782 1,055 3,79 3 22,502 1,025 23,499 0,997 2,81 Rata-rata 3,48 Lampiran 7 Pengukuran kadar resin Ulangan B.labu + Berat B.labu+pemberat Kadar Pemberat g Jernang g stlh dioven g Resin 1 105,0693 1,0002 105,7086 63,92 2 106,9768 1,0002 107,6151 63,82 3 105,0440 1,0001 105,6657 62,16 Rata-rata 63,30 1 105,0479 1,0001 105,8531 80,51 2 106,9601 1,0000 107,7876 82,75 3 105,0556 1,0001 105,8779 82,22 Rata-rata 81,83 1 106,9696 1,0001 107,7796 80,99 2 105,0526 1,0001 105,8619 80,92 3 106,9668 1,0000 107,7841 81,73 Rata-rata 81,21 1 106,9869 1,0002 107,7931 80,60 2 105,0709 1,0000 105,8797 80,88 3 106,9867 1,0000 107,7991 81,24 Rata-rata 80,91 Lampiran 8 Pengukuran kadar kotoran Ulangan Kertas saring Jernang yang Kertas saring Kadar Oven g Dilarutkan g dan endapan g Kotoran 1 0,3070 1,0003 0,6430 33,59 2 0,3140 1,0003 0,6270 31,29 3 0,2350 1,0000 0,5510 31,60 Rata-rata 32,16 1 0,3580 1,0000 0,4670 10,90 2 0,2970 1,0001 0,4150 11,80 3 0,3350 1,0000 0,4550 12,00 Rata-rata 11,57 1 0,2510 1,0000 0,3710 12,00 2 0,3100 1,0001 0,4270 11,70 3 0,3570 1,0001 0,4690 11,20 Rata-rata 11,63 1 0,2350 1,0000 0,3590 12,40 2 0,3100 1,0001 0,4270 11,70 3 0,3570 1,0001 0,4770 12,00 Rata-rata 12,03 Lampiran 9 Analisis ragam dan hasil uji Duncan terhadap rendemen Univariate Analysis of Variance Between-Subjects Factors N PERLAKUAN A 3 B 3 C 3 D 3 ULANGAN 1 4 2 4 3 4 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Rendemen Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 37,428a 5 7,486 21,052 ,001 Intercept 213,616 1 213,616 600,759 ,000 PERLAKUAN 37,038 3 12,346 34,721 ,000 ULANGAN ,390 2 ,195 ,548 ,604 Error 2,133 6 ,356 Total 253,178 12 Corrected Total 39,562 11 a R Squared = ,946 Adjusted R Squared = ,901 Post Hoc Tests PERLAKUAN Homogeneous Subsets Rendemen Duncan PERLAKUAN N Subset 1 2 D 3 3,1000 C 3 3,2433 B 3 3,2733 A 3 7,2600 Sig. ,742 1,000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = ,356. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3,000. b Alpha = ,05. ULANGAN Homogeneous Subsets Rendemen Duncan ULANGAN N Subset 1 3 4 4,0675 2 4 4,1175 1 4 4,4725 Sig. ,388 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = ,356. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4,000. b Alpha = ,05. Lampiran 10 Analisis ragam dan hasil uji Duncan terhadap kadar resin Univariate Analysis of Variance Between-Subjects Factors N Perlakuan A 3 B 3 C 3 D 3 ULANGAN 1 4 2 4 3 4 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Kadar resin Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 732,271a 5 146,454 190,626 ,000 Intercept 70800,386 1 70800,386 92154,338 ,000 PERLAKUAN 731,577 3 243,859 317,409 ,000 ULANGAN ,694 2 ,347 ,452 ,656 Error 4,610 6 ,768 Total 71537,267 12 Corrected Total 736,881 11 a R Squared = ,994 Adjusted R Squared = ,989 Post Hoc Tests PERLAKUAN Homogeneous Subsets Kadar resin Duncan PERLAKUAN N Subset 1 2 A 3 63,3000 D 3 80,9067 C 3 81,2133 B 3 81,8267 Sig. 1,000 ,260 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = ,768. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3,000. b Alpha = ,05. ULANGAN Homogeneous Subsets Kadar resin Duncan ULANGAN N Subset 1 1 4 76,5050 3 4 76,8375 2 4 77,0925 Sig. ,394 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = ,768. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4,000. b Alpha = ,05 Lampiran 11 Analisis ragam dan hasil uji Duncan terhadap kadar air Univariate Analysis of Variance Between-Subjects Factors N Perlakuan A 3 B 3 C 3 D 3 ULANGAN 1 4 2 4 3 4 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: kadar air Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model ,442a 5 ,088 ,533 ,747 Intercept 145,771 1 145,771 879,622 ,000 PERLAKUAN ,134 3 ,045 ,270 ,845 ULANGAN ,308 2 ,154 ,928 ,445 Error ,994 6 ,166 Total 147,207 12 Corrected Total 1,436 11 a R Squared = ,308 Adjusted R Squared = -,269 Post Hoc Tests PERLAKUAN Homogeneous Subsets Kadar air Duncan PERLAKUAN N Subset 1 C 3 3,3390 A 3 3,4800 D 3 3,4843 B 3 3,6380 Sig. ,421 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = ,166. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3,000. b Alpha = ,05. ULANGAN Homogeneous Subsets Kadar air Duncan ULANGAN N Subset 1 3 4 3,2590 1 4 3,5928 2 4 3,6043 Sig. ,290 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = ,166. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4,000. b Alpha = ,05. Lampiran 12 Analisis ragam dan hasil uji Duncan terhadap kadar kotoran Univariate Analysis of Variance Between-Subjects Factors N PERLAKUAN A 3 B 3 C 3 D 3 ULANGAN 1 4 2 4 3 4 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Kadar kotoran Source Type III Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 939,023a 5 187,805 319,814 ,000 Intercept 3406,396 1 3406,396 5800,781 ,000 PERLAKUAN 938,171 3 312,724 532,540 ,000 ULANGAN ,852 2 ,426 ,725 ,522 Error 3,523 6 ,587 Total 4348,942 12 Corrected Total 942,546 11 a R Squared = ,996 Adjusted R Squared = ,993 Post Hoc Tests PERLAKUAN Homogeneous Subsets Kadar kotoran Duncan PERLAKUAN N Subset 1 2 B 3 11,5667 C 3 11,6333 D 3 12,0333 A 3 32,1600 Sig. ,497 1,000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = ,587. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3,000. b Alpha = ,05. ULANGAN Homogeneous Subsets Kadar kotoran Duncan ULANGAN N Subset 1 2 4 16,6225 3 4 16,7000 1 4 17,2225 Sig. ,325 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = ,587. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4,000. b Alpha = ,05. Lampiran 13 Analisis ragam dan hasil uji Duncan terhadap kadar abu Univariate Analysis of Variance Between-Subjects Factors N Perlakuan A 3 B 3 C 3 D 3 ULANGAN 1 4 2 4 3 4 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Kadar abu Source Type III Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model ,839a 5 ,168 1,944 ,221 Intercept 27,540 1 27,540 319,053 ,000 PERLAKUAN ,797 3 ,266 3,076 ,112 ULANGAN ,042 2 ,021 ,245 ,791 Error ,518 6 ,086 Total 28,896 12 Corrected Total 1,357 11 a R Squared = ,618 Adjusted R Squared = ,300 Post Hoc Tests PERLAKUAN Homogeneous Subsets Kadar abu Duncan PERLAKUAN N Subset 1 2 B 3 1,1150 C 3 1,5203 1,5203 D 3 1,5943 1,5943 A 3 1,8300 Sig. ,102 ,258 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = ,086. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3,000. b Alpha = ,05. ULANGAN Homogeneous Subsets Kadar abu Duncan ULANGAN N Subset 1 1 4 1,4450 2 4 1,5098 3 4 1,5900 Sig. ,524 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = ,086. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4,000. b Alpha = ,05. Lampiran 14 Analisis ragam dan hasil uji Duncan terhadap titik leleh Univariate Analysis of Variance Between-Subjects Factors N PERLAKUAN A 3 B 3 C 3 D 3 ULANGAN 1 4 2 4 3 4 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable:Titik leleh Source Type III Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 413,417a 5 82,683 12,559 ,004 Intercept 88924,083 1 88924,083 13507,456 ,000 PERLAKUAN 396,250 3 132,083 20,063 ,002 ULANGAN 17,167 2 8,583 1,304 ,339 Error 39,500 6 6,583 Total 89377,000 12 Corrected Total 452,917 11 a R Squared = ,913 Adjusted R Squared = ,840 Post Hoc Tests PERLAKUAN Homogeneous Subsets Titik leleh Duncan PERLAKUAN N Subset 1 2 B 3 82,0000 C 3 83,0000 D 3 83,3333 A 3 96,0000 Sig. ,560 1,000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = 6,583. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3,000. b Alpha = ,05. ULANGAN Homogeneous Subsets Titik leleh Duncan ULANGAN N Subset 1 1 4 85,0000 2 4 85,5000 3 4 87,7500 Sig. ,193 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. Based on Type III Sum of Squares The error term is Mean SquareError = 6,583. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4,000. b Alpha = ,05. BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang