CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Chapter II presents some theories, review of related studies and the conceptual framework of this study. The literature review covers the issues of
English for Vocational High School Based on Curriculum 2013, English for Specific Purposes, Content-Based Instruction, Learning Materials, Materials
Design, and Grading and Sequencing Tasks.
A. Literature Review 1. English for Vocational High School Based on Curriculum 2013
Curriculum based on the Indonesia Education Act No.20 Year 2003 is a set of plans and regulations about the aims, content and material of lessons and
the method employed as the guidelines for the implementation of learning activities to achieve given education objectives. From the definition, the important
things must be underlined are the plans and the methods of learning activities that must be well-organized in order to run the curriculum.
Curriculum in Indonesia has changed several times. It is modified and developed because the needs of the students, the technology, and the teaching-
learning method change. The needs, the technology, and the method in teaching are different from those now.
Curriculum is modified and developed in order to make it relevant to the current condition. In 2004, Indonesia applied Competency-based curriculum
KBK
or Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi
that emphasized on the students‟ competence achievement. Then, it was revised into School-based curriculum or
KTSP
Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan
in 2006 that called Curriculum 2006. The KTSP was applied for seven years, but then it was revised again in
2013. The government decided to use the Competency-based curriculum that was modified and developed and it is called Curriculum 2013. According to the
Regulation of Minister of Education and Culture Number 70 Year 2013, Curriculum 2013 is designed to give the learning experience to the students in
order to develop their competence. Curriculum 2013 also emphasized on the character education. The
content of Curriculum 2013 consists of competences in the form of core competences
Kompetensi Inti
KI and basic competences
Kompetensi Dasar
KD, the existence of attitude, knowledge and skill aspect in the core competences. Curriculum 2013 has its own principles in learning which are stated
in the law of ministry of education No.65. Some of those learning principles are: 1 Learning takes place through the scientific approach steps.
2 Learning activities are learner-centered. 3 Learning activities do not only take place in the classroom.
4 Learning process utilizes ICT. Curriculum 2013 has scientific approach steps in the teaching-learning
process; they are: 1 Observing: the students read andor listen to the materials given texts
to list items they need to know further.