Part of a Person’s Names

infrequent category is months, days of the week, holidays. The further explanation can be seen in the discussion below.

a. Part of a Person’s Names

From 365 proper nouns found in this research, there are 143 proper nouns belong to part of a persons names category. Howard 2009 stated that this category includes persons first and last names, e.g., James A. Garfield, Chester Alan Arthur. It also includes nicknames, occupation, family names, and all names related to person’s names. In this research, the researcher found that the names under this category are mostly translated by using preservation strategy. From 143 proper nouns under this category, 125 names are translated by using preservation strategy, four names are translated by applying addition strategy, three names are rendered by using localization strategy, two names are rendered by employing omission strategy, six names are transferred by using transformation strategy, and three names are translated by applying creation strategy. Globalization strategy is not used in translating the proper nouns under this category. The list of names under this category can be seen in Table 4 below. Table 4. The Examples of Prop er Nouns under Part of a Person’s Names Category No. Code ST TT 1. 00311PpnSPF Mrs. Walker Mrs. Walker 2. 02434PpnSTD the Walkers keluarga Walker 3. 02847PpnSPF Dr. Jake Walker Dr. Jake Walker Example number 1 and 3 in Table 5 are considered part of persons’ names since they are referred to persons who become characters in the text. Example number 1 is designed with title Mrs, while example number 3 is designed with title Dr. In the text, Mrs. Walker example number 1 is told as the mother of Brendan Walker, Cordelia Walker and Eleanor Walker, the main characters in the text, and also the wife of Dr. Jake Walker example number 3. Meanwhile, Dr. Jake Walker example number 3 is told as the father of Brendan Walker, Cordelia Walker and Eleanor Walker, the main characters in the text, and also the husband of Mrs. Walker example number 1. These names are applying preservation strategy, in which the data example number 1 and 3 are simply preserved into the target language. Both of these names are having no connotative meaning, thus it is the translator’s consideration to maintain the given names. The using of preservation strategy to translate these names has made them remains foreign to the target readers because the translated names in example number 1 and 3 tend to be foreignized. In example number 2, the name the Walkers is also included to the part of person’s name category. As stated before, names under this category can be represented in the form of a single person name and also name of a group of people, including family name as the given example in example number 2. In English as the source language, names which are begun with determiner “the” and followed by letter –s commonly refer to family names, which are considered equivalent to the term keluarga in the target language, Bahasa Indonesia. According to the existing of the equivalent term that can replace the source text term, the researcher considers that the translator transfers the name the Walkers by applying transformation strategy into keluarga Walker. As explained in the Chapter II, transformation strategy occurs when the names of the source language are altered or distorted, or when an equivalent names in the target language occur replacing the foreign name from the source language. As the result, the transformation strategy brings the name closer to the target reader’s culture and tends to domestication ideology. b. Given or Pet Names of Animals It is a category which encompasses nicknames and names given to animals, e.g., Trigger, Lassie Howard, 2009. In other words, it is a category for animals’ names. The researcher found that there are eight names which are considered under this category. The examples of given or pet names of animals which are found in the analyzed text can be seen in Table 5 below. Table 5. The Example of Proper Nouns under Given or Pet Names of Animals Category No. Code ST TT 1. 03458ApnSPF Misty Misty 2. 242101199ApnSPF Scooby-Doo Scooby-Doo 3. 267112225ApnSPF Mickey Mouse Mickey Mouse In example number 1, the name Misty is considered as pet names of animals since it is a name of a horse. The name is transferred to the target text by applying preservation strategy. It is calico horse, and it is female. The translator chooses to preserve the form of the name since it just the name of an animal and has no any significant meaning. The application of this strategy made the name to be known as a foreign name by the target readers. Thus, this translating strategy leads into foreignization ideology. The names Scooby-Doo and Mickey Mouse in example number 2 and 3 are well known among the target readers since they are names of animals’ character in serial cartoon or animation movies. Scooby-Doo is a male dog which appears in Scooby-Doo film series which are Warner Bros’ production. While Mickey Mouse is a male mouse which becomes main character in Mickey Mouse film series which are produced by Walt Disney. The names are very famous among the children and adults audiences, so the translator decides to transfer the names by maintaining them without any changes. This employment of preservation strategy is considered as the way to lead the translated names into foreignization ideology. c. Geographical and Celestial Names Howard 2009 stated that this category refers to all place names and names of celestial bodies, e.g., Red Sea, Alpha Centauri. It covers names of countries, cities, addresses, and places which exist on earth, also things which exist in space. Geography, based on CALD, is the study of the systems and processes involved in the worlds weather, mountains, seas, lakes, etc. In this research, there are 49 proper nouns belong to the geographical and celestial names category. The researcher found that the 49 names under this category are mostly translated by using preservation strategy. There are 31 names which are translated by using preservation strategy. Then, one name are translated by applying addition strategy, one name is transferred by using localization strategy, two names are rendered by using globalization strategy, one name is rendered by employing omission strategy, twelve names are transferred by using transformation strategy, and one name is translated by applying creation strategy. The examples of geographical and celestial names which are found in the analyzed text can be seen in Table 6 below. Table 6. The Examples of Proper Nouns under Geographical and Celestial Names Category No. Code ST TT 1. 1335098GecSTD France Prancis 2. 20076151GecSLD Six twenty-four Taylor Street Taylor Street nomor 624 3. 20277151GecSAF Goat Island Pulau Goat – Pulau Kambing In example number 1, the name France is translated to the target text into Prancis. The strategy is transformation. As stated by Davies 2003, that the strategy of transformation occurs when in the target language, the source language name is replaced with one which is equivalent. As the name has already existed in the target language culture and has equivalent term which is existed in the target language culture, thus the target reader has already been familiar with the name. The employment of transformation strategy brings the name closer to the target text culture and leads to domestication ideology. Example number 2 is rendered to the target text by employing localization strategy into Taylor Street nomor 624. Six twenty-four Taylor Street is considered as an address of certain place, so it is included in this category. The name Six twenty-four Taylor Street can be literally translated into Taylor Street 624. The translator translates it into Taylor Street nomor 624 because it is common in target language to do so. An address which is combined with number is commonly mentioned by adding the word ‘nomor’ before the number. The employment of localization does not cause any strangeness and does not cause any misunderstanding for the TT readers. As localization strategy is used to replace the specific word by one that is more familiar to the target readers, so this translation tends to domestication ideology. The name Goat Island in example number 4 is translated to the target text by applying addition strategy into Pulau Goat – Pulau Kambing. Goat Island has its literal meaning as Pulau Kambing. Then, the translator decides to put the literal meaning as additional information to the translated name Pulau Goat. This additional information is also become additional description because the translator considers that not all target readers master in English. The translated name is the preservation of the original source text name and then added by details which give the impression to the target readers that the name is a foreign name. Though the details made the name more understandable, the translation of the name tends to foreignization ideology. d. Monuments, Buildings, Meeting Rooms This category includes names of buildings build in order to remind of famous person or event, and names of places where the meetings take place, e.g., the Taj Mahal; Grants Tomb; Room 222 Howard, 2009. This category also includes names of companies, hospital, campuses and schools as part of buildings’ names. Inside the novel, there are 16 proper nouns belong to this category. In this research, the researcher found that the names under this category are almost all translated by using preservation strategy. From 16 proper nouns, 14 names are translated by using preservation strategy, and only two names which are translated by applying transformation strategy. Addition, localization, globalization, omission and creation are not used in translating the proper nouns under this category. The list of proper nouns under this category can be seen in Table 7 below. Table 7. The Example of Proper Nouns under Monuments, Buildings, Meeting Rooms Category No. Code ST TT 1. 03659MbrSPF Kristoff House Rumah Kristoff 2. 0491018MbrSPF Steinway Steinway 3. 348208422MbrSTD Leaning Tower of Pisa Menara Miring Pisa In example number 1, Kristoff House is rendered into Rumah Kristoff by using preservation strategy. It is considered as preservation of content since the word House is literally translated into Rumah. This translation is under the preservation of content because the result is the literal translation of the source terms. Though it has been literally translated, it leads the name into foreignization ideology because the target readers know that name is from foreign language. In example number 2, the name Steinway is rendered into Steinway by using preservation strategy. Steinway, according to its website, is the company that has been granted more than 125 additional patents, positioning the Steinway as the piano by which all others are judged. It is considered as buildings names because it is name of a firm or company. There are no further explanations given by the author about this name. Thus, the translator maintains the foreign term in order to introduce this term to the target readers. This preservation strategy leads to foreignization ideology. The different case applied in example number 3, when the name Leaning Tower of Pisa is transferred into Menara Miring Pisa. This translation is under transformation strategy. The name is replaced by the equivalent name which exists in the target language. This translation let the readers to stay home by transferring the foreign term to be one which is more common and familiar. Finally, the translation tends to domestication ideology.

e. Historical Events, Documents, Laws, and Periods