Directive Category Speech Acts Categories in TYS column

34 It would mean that the Joko “Jokowi” Widodo government was permitting, allowing or agreeing to the killings by Indonesian communists and that the generals and all the others killed were wrong and at fault for the violence. Forgive, yes, but don’t forget. The speaker states his disagreement clearly through his declarative sentence in the beginning of the text. He uses the clue ‘I absolutely do not agree that…’ to show his expression. He disagrees if the state apologizes for the tragedy. If it happens, he thinks that it would mean Indonesian government permitted the killings by the communists and put the other side military at fault. From the text, it means that the speaker uses expressive category of speech act. b. Exclamative 15 TI.61 A brilliant decision by President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo on the LRT project. Come on, Pak Jokowi, go onward and don’t retreat . The text shows the text writer’s expressive category toward President Jokowi through exclamative sentence. It is clear that the text writer uses the word ‘a brilliant decision by…’ The use of his support is clear in the first sentence. He considers that Jokowi has made a brilliant decision on the LRT project. He is proud of the decision who Jokowi has been made. The text writer shares his feeling about the decision. 16 TD.31 Not exactl y the “Dream Team” that will solve Indonesia’s number one problem is it? Johan is the only one who I would say makes the grade. Good luck Johan From the text, the text writer supports Johan. He is sure that Johan will make better future. He says that Johan is the one who can make better. The text writer welcomes Johan to continue his work and solve the problem. The text writer gives PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 35 the spirit with using the exclamation ‘good luck Johan’ In this case, the text writer shows his expressive category using his exclamative sentence. c. Interrogative 17 TG.47 Was Franz K. Indonesian? You really could not make this up. The text has one speech act category. The text writer uses expressive category in this text through interrogative sentence. From this text, we know that the speaker is uncertain with Franz ’s background. The text writer thinks that Franz is not Indonesian. Therefore, he cannot make up the issue of tighter system which clogs up permit issuance. The text writer ’s question shows his expressive category. 18 TI.60 So far, government projects have only benefitted those few unscrupulous, persons involved in issuing licenses and assignments, not the taxpayers who paid for it. Will this LRT project be just like those projects? Similar to the previous example, the text shows expressive category through interrogative sentence in the last sentence. The text writer shows his doubt. Through the question, the text writer is uncertain that the LRT project will be going well. The text writer still considers that the LRT project will be similar to the other projects which only benefit few unscrupulous people.

5. Declarative Category

Yule 1996, p. 128 says that it is “a speech act that brings about a change by being uttered, e.g. a judge pronouncing a sentence.” Someone who performs declarative speech acts wants to create a new reality. It transforms into a new state. The researcher did not find the use of declarative category of speech act in the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 36 reader’s texts of TYS column see Table 4.17. In TYS column, the text writers did not change the fact by being uttered. Therefore, declarative category was not found.

B. Speech Act Categories by Theme

This part focuses on answering the second research question about the most frequently employed speech act category inor characterize TYS column. From the viewpoint of speech acts theory, the researcher explains typical characteristics of TYS column by the themes in September 2015.

1. Theme A: Confusing Circular on Foreign Journos Withdrawn

Indonesian government moved to withdraw a circular requiring foreign journalists to report their activities to all levels of the government because it was deemed too confusing for the public. The researcher found out that the readers of TYS column give 10 texts toward the issue. Table 4.1 Speech act category classification in Theme A Theme A Speech act category No Text ass com dir exp dec 1 TA.1  - - - - 2 TA.2  -  - - 3 TA.3   - - - 4 TA.4  - -  - 5 TA.5  -  - - 6 TA.6  - - - - 7 TA.7  - - - - 8 TA.8  - - - - 9 TA.9  - - - - 10 TA.10  -   - Total 10 1 3 2 37 In this theme, the researcher finds out 10 assertive categories, 1 commissive category, 3 directive categories, and 2 expressive categories. The assertive category is the most frequently employed speech act category, followed by directive category in the second position, expressive category in the third position, and commissive category in the fourth position. In this theme, the researcher also finds out the typical characteristic of TYS column from the viewpoint of speech act theory. All of the texts are expressed using assertive category. When the text has more than one category, assertive category always accompanies other categories. The text writers prefer to commit themselves to the truth of the issue in giving the opinions. The text writers prefer to not support the government policy through showing disagreement. In showing disagreement, they give explanations, examples, or clarifications of the fact about the issue. Here, the researcher provides the example: 19 TA.2 Yes, the whole country should be totally open to foreign media; especially when the people are oppressed by their own government mercilessly. Such coverage is necessary to get the attention of UN headquarters. The text has two speech act categories. The categories are directive and assertive. In the first sentence, the speaker wants other peopleagents to carry out an action from the issue. The speaker wants the whole country to be opened to foreign media. If there is something wrong, it should be solved quickly. He also asserts that it is necessary to get the attention in the second sentence. He shows the assertive category. Moreover, it is clear that the assertive category accompanies the directive category in the text. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI