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CHAPTER II
THE OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGY FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ANTICIPATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE
As an archpelagc state, Indonesa s partcularly vulnerable to the mpacts of clmate change. Furthermore, as a developng country, t does not have
the capacty to adapt to clmate change as well as a developed country. Therefore, t s a concern that development conducted by the government
wll be hampered by the mpacts of clmate change. The poor are the group most vulnerable to the mpacts of clmate change, and they are also the
most mpacted group because of the obstructon of natonal development. Therefore any response to clmate change should nclude poverty allevaton.
The trple track strategy whch s pro-poor, pro-job and pro-growth should become an ntegral part of the natonal strategy to address clmate change.
The natonal strategy addressng clmate change should therefore also be drected to socal engneerng development, so communtes can have a
systematc, planned and thorough socal change n order to get socal and ecologcal beneit.
2.1 The Past and Present of Development Pattern
The soco-economc transformaton to mprove the qualty of lfe of the Indonesan people n the post-ndependence perod took place n the
context of dynamc domestc and foregn poltcal economy, that was not always n accordance wth the natonal nterest. The focus of development
that centers on economc growth, poltcal stablty, and equty takes place on a base of natural resource explotaton wthout consderaton of ts
sustanablty. Therefore, the trple track strategy mentoned above, should be expanded wth the fourth track, namely pro-envronment, whch based on
the sustanable development.
The mprovement of producton nfrastructure and the extenson of producton sectors partcularly n the last generaton have also created
socal ecologcal pressures to the lvelhood support systems throughout the archpelago. Socal securty needs, whch are very mportant for mprovng
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and mantanng the envronment have not yet become the prncple of development.
To ntegrate the trple track strateges, whch are pro-poor, pro-job and pro growth wth sustanable development prncples, the communty
should receved necessary nformaton and be actvely nvolved. In ths way communty wllngness to accept change becomes a very mportant aspect
that should be consdered. In addton, an ntegrated development pattern to delver sustanable development should be devsed.
2.2 The Objective of National Development with the Climate Change Anticipation Agenda
2.2.1 Mitigation Agenda
Management of the economc performance and qualty of lfe of the people should be strongly lnked to the reducton of greenhouse gas emssons and
reduced energy ntensty of economc growth, to be consstent wth Indonesa’s commtment to global efforts to tackle clmate change. Mtgaton targets
wll reman dficult to acheve as long as the barrers to the achevement of wellbeng and socal securty, and the mantenance of sustanable natural
servces are also not reduced. The extenson of deforestaton and land degradaton partcularly n the last decade s an expensve lesson n the falure
of economc management based only on the three fundamental prncples above.
At the level of socal lvelhoods, mtgaton and adaptaton objectves wll nteract wth publc atttudes. The promoton of atttudes and lfe-style
patterns whch are consstent wth the mpact of clmate change should therefore be developed n a systematc and planned way
The strategy to delver mtgaton targets n the prorty economc sectors
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should therefore be formulated not only to take nto account each sector on ts own, but also to consder a broader framework ncludng human
wellbeng, productvty and the sustanablty of natural servces. Although ths approach s not prmarly drven by Indonesa’s commtment under the
Namely energy which includes industry, power plant, transportation, as well as domestic and commercial energy use, forestry, agriculture, and infrastructure sectors
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UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol, t nonetheless s a part of the strategy of natonal development that also plays a role to ensure the achevement of clmate
change mtgaton targets.
2.2.2 Adaptation Agenda
Adaptaton to clmate change s a key aspect of the natonal development agenda, n order to acheve development patterns that are reslent to the
mpacts of current and future clmate change. The long term objectves of the clmate change adaptaton agenda s the ntegraton of clmate change
adaptaton nto natonal development plans.
Today, Indonesa s already vulnerable to the rsk of natural dsaster such as loodng, landslde, eroson, tropcal storms and drought, and n the future t
wll have greater rsks because of clmate change. If concrete acton s not taken mmedately, then the Mllennum Development Goals related to
poverty, hunger and health wll be dficult to acheve. Even those target that have been acheved over past decades wll also be threatened.
Therefore the clmate change adaptaton agenda should be mplemented through a sustanable development framework that ntegrates economc,
socal and ecologcal aspects. Development that only focuses on economc targets wthout consderaton of natural resource sustanablty wll
ncrease Indonesan vulnerablty to clmate change. The mplementaton of adaptaton actvty should be parallel wth poverty allevaton efforts and
economc development targets for poor communtes, whch are the group most vulnerable to the mpact of clmate change.
The development of capacty to adapt to clmate change n the future should be based on experence and capacty buldng to address the present clmate
rsk. Therefore, the adaptaton agenda to address clmate change should be lnked to the Natonal Acton Plan on Reducton of Dsaster Rsk RAN-PRB.
Ths RAN-PRB has been establshed by the Government of Indonesa as a commtment to Unted Resoluton 631999. The RAN-PRB objectve s to
reduce rsk factors that cause dsaster ncludng those related to envronment and natural resources such as clmate change.
Adaptaton efforts should be conducted through a number of approaches: 1 ntegratng the clmate change adaptaton agenda nto natonal development
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plans such as Medum and Long Term Development Plans; 2 Revew and adjust the exstng ntatves or programs, so they wll be reslent to clmate
change; 3 Insttutonalze the use of clmate nformaton n order to have capablty to manage clmate rsk; 4 encourage local autonomy to ntegrate
consderaton of clmate rsk nto local development plans; 5 strengthen the nformaton and knowledge to reduce present and future clmate rsk; 6 ensure
the avalablty of domestc resources and fundng for adaptaton actvty and maxmze the use, probably wth the nternatonal support; 7 choose no
regret opton, whch s conductng adaptaton acton wth or wthout clmate change so the beneit receve could be used to reduce the vulnerablty to
clmate change, but also could be used for natonal development beneit; and 8 encourage a natonal dalog to accelerate mplementaton process of
adaptaton agenda to clmate change n Indonesa.
2.3 The Principle of National Development Management
To acheve the above target and ts multple beneits, the Natonal Acton Plan should be montored and mproved contnuously based on the prncple of
publc natonal development as follows:
First , harmonze all polces and legal nstruments to broaden economc actvty
and mantan the compettveness of the man producton system followng the three requrements of soco ecology natonal development human
natural wellbeng, productvty and sustanablty of natural servces;
Second , the man nstrument for complance s the ntegraton and
harmonzaton of spatal use along wth the utlzaton of publc resources to overcome the “status quo” that prevents the mplementaton of sustanable
development n Indonesa;
Third , the achevement of clmate change mtgaton targets along wth socal
ecology targets should be acheved through adaptaton of consumpton pattern and sustanable producton from all agents of change;
Fourth , ntegraton of all mtgaton and adaptaton targets wth socal-culture
aspects through socal preparaton and socal engneerng that s conducted based on the specic characters of local communty and envronment.
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2.4 Time frame for the implementation of the National Action Plan
