Kesimpulan KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1. Kesimpulan

Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1 Pemberian vitamin E berpengaruh tidak nyata dalam meningkatkan jumlah sperma mencit jantan dewasa yang mendapat latihan fisik maksimal. 2 Pemberian vitamin E dapat meningkatkan morfologi sperma mencit jantan dewasa yang mendapat latihan fisik maksimal. 3 Pemberian vitamin E berpengaruh tidak nyata dalam meningkatkan motilitas sperma mencit jantan dewasa yang mendapat latihan fisik maksimal. 4 Pemberian vitamin E dapat menurunkan kadar MDA testis mencit jantan dewasa yang mendapat latihan fisik maksimal 5.2. Saran 5.2.1 Diharapkan dapat dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan waktu yang lebih lama atau dosis vitamin E yang lebih tinggi atau pemberian vitamin E dapat digabung dengan antioksidan lainnya seperti vitamin C atau ekstrak tanaman lainnya yang telah diketahui mengandung senyawa yang bersifat antioksidan 5.2.2 Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengukur kadar atau aktivitas enzim antioksidan seperti superoxide dismutase atau glutathion peroxidase sebagai penanda stres oksidatif 49 Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR PUSTAKA Acharya, U., Mishra, M., Patro., J. and Panda, M.K. 2008. Effect of Vitamins C and E on Spermatogenesis in Mice exposed to Cadmium. Reprod Toxicol, 25, 84-8. Agarwal, A., Prabakaran, S. And Said, T. 2005. Prevention of Oxidative Stress Injury to Sperm. J Androl, 26, 654-60 Aitken R. J. and Roman S. D. 2008. Antioxidant systems and oxidative stress in the testes. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 1:1, 15-24. Al-Enazi, M.M. 2007. 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KANISIUS, Yogyakarta Wresdiyati, T., Astawan, M., Fithriani, D., Adnyane, I. K. M., Novelina, S., Aryani, S. 2002. Pengaruh α-Tokoferol Terhadap Profil Superoksida Dismutase dan Malondialdehida pada Jaringan Hati Tikus di Bawah Kondisi Stres. Jurnal Veteriner; 202-209 Yang, H. S., Han, D. K., Kim, J. R., Sim, J. C. 2006. Effects of α-Tocopherol on Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Rat Testis and Spermatogenesis. J Korean Med Sci; 21:445-51 Yavetz,H., Leah Yogev, Sandra Kleiman, Amnon Botchan, Ron Hauser, Joseph B. Lessing, Gedalia Paz, And Ronni Gamzu. 2001. Morphology of Testicular Sperma Obtained By Testicular Sperm Extraction In Obstructive And Nonobstructive Azoospermic Men And Its Relation To Fertilization Success In The In Vitro Fertilization–Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection System. Journal Of Andrology, Vol. 22, No. 3. Yu, F., Lu, S., Yu, F., Feng, S., McGuire, P.M., Li, R., et.al. 2006. Protective effects of polysaccharide from Euphorbia kansui Euphorbiaceae on the swimming exercise-induced oxidative strss in mice. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol, 84, 1071-79. Zaneveld, P. 1977. Techniques of Human Andrology. In: Zaneveld LJD, Fulgham DL 1986. Short course : Male reproductionAndrology and non-hormonal contraception. Chicago, IL: 19. Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 1. Hasil uji statistik jumlah spermatozoa mencit Oneway ANOVA Jumlah_sp 3272.191 4 818.048 4.804 .007 3405.578 20 170.279 6677.769 24 Between Groups Within Groups Total Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Hasil: Ada perbedaan rata-rata antar perlakuan dalam penelitian p0,05, maka dapat dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc Analysis-Bonferroni. Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Jumlah_sp Bonferroni 3.90000 8.25297 1.000 -22.1249 29.9249 -28.13400 8.25297 .028 -54.1589 -2.1091 -13.16800 8.25297 1.000 -39.1929 12.8569 -14.83200 8.25297 .874 -40.8569 11.1929 -3.90000 8.25297 1.000 -29.9249 22.1249 -32.03400 8.25297 .009 -58.0589 -6.0091 -17.06800 8.25297 .518 -43.0929 8.9569 -18.73200 8.25297 .344 -44.7569 7.2929 28.13400 8.25297 .028 2.1091 54.1589 32.03400 8.25297 .009 6.0091 58.0589 14.96600 8.25297 .848 -11.0589 40.9909 13.30200 8.25297 1.000 -12.7229 39.3269 13.16800 8.25297 1.000 -12.8569 39.1929 17.06800 8.25297 .518 -8.9569 43.0929 -14.96600 8.25297 .848 -40.9909 11.0589 -1.66400 8.25297 1.000 -27.6889 24.3609 14.83200 8.25297 .874 -11.1929 40.8569 18.73200 8.25297 .344 -7.2929 44.7569 -13.30200 8.25297 1.000 -39.3269 12.7229 1.66400 8.25297 1.000 -24.3609 27.6889 J Kelompok P1 P2 P3 P4 P0 P2 P3 P4 P0 P1 P3 P4 P0 P1 P2 P4 P0 P1 P2 P3 I Kelompok P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound 95 Confidence Interval The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. . 54 Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 2. Hasil uji statistik morfologi spermatozoa mencit Oneway ANOVA Morfo_sp 5033.230 4 1258.307 8.274 .000 3041.501 20 152.075 8074.731 24 Between Groups Within Groups Total Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Morfo_sp Bonferroni 11.66600 7.79936 1.000 -12.9285 36.2605 27.13400 7.79936 .024 2.5395 51.7285 12.43200 7.79936 1.000 -12.1625 37.0265 41.00200 7.79936 .000 16.4075 65.5965 -11.66600 7.79936 1.000 -36.2605 12.9285 15.46800 7.79936 .612 -9.1265 40.0625 .76600 7.79936 1.000 -23.8285 25.3605 29.33600 7.79936 .012 4.7415 53.9305 -27.13400 7.79936 .024 -51.7285 -2.5395 -15.46800 7.79936 .612 -40.0625 9.1265 -14.70200 7.79936 .740 -39.2965 9.8925 13.86800 7.79936 .906 -10.7265 38.4625 -12.43200 7.79936 1.000 -37.0265 12.1625 -.76600 7.79936 1.000 -25.3605 23.8285 14.70200 7.79936 .740 -9.8925 39.2965 28.57000 7.79936 .015 3.9755 53.1645 -41.00200 7.79936 .000 -65.5965 -16.4075 -29.33600 7.79936 .012 -53.9305 -4.7415 -13.86800 7.79936 .906 -38.4625 10.7265 -28.57000 7.79936 .015 -53.1645 -3.9755 J Kelompok P1 P2 P3 P4 P0 P2 P3 P4 P0 P1 P3 P4 P0 P1 P2 P4 P0 P1 P2 P3 I Kelompok P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound 95 Confidence Interval The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. . 55 Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 3. Hasil uji statistik motilitas spermatozoa mencit Motilitas Grade A Oneway ANOVA Mot_sp_grade_a 427.360 4 106.840 9.214 .000 231.900 20 11.595 659.260 24 Between Groups Within Groups Total Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Mot_sp_grade_a Bonferroni 1.00000 2.15360 1.000 -5.7912 7.7912 8.80000 2.15360 .006 2.0088 15.5912 6.10000 2.15360 .103 -.6912 12.8912 10.40000 2.15360 .001 3.6088 17.1912 -1.00000 2.15360 1.000 -7.7912 5.7912 7.80000 2.15360 .017 1.0088 14.5912 5.10000 2.15360 .281 -1.6912 11.8912 9.40000 2.15360 .003 2.6088 16.1912 -8.80000 2.15360 .006 -15.5912 -2.0088 -7.80000 2.15360 .017 -14.5912 -1.0088 -2.70000 2.15360 1.000 -9.4912 4.0912 1.60000 2.15360 1.000 -5.1912 8.3912 -6.10000 2.15360 .103 -12.8912 .6912 -5.10000 2.15360 .281 -11.8912 1.6912 2.70000 2.15360 1.000 -4.0912 9.4912 4.30000 2.15360 .597 -2.4912 11.0912 -10.40000 2.15360 .001 -17.1912 -3.6088 -9.40000 2.15360 .003 -16.1912 -2.6088 -1.60000 2.15360 1.000 -8.3912 5.1912 -4.30000 2.15360 .597 -11.0912 2.4912 J Kelompok P1 P2 P3 P4 P0 P2 P3 P4 P0 P1 P3 P4 P0 P1 P2 P4 P0 P1 P2 P3 I Kelompok P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound 95 Confidence Interval The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. . 56 Universitas Sumatera Utara Ranks 5 21.00 5 15.20 5 14.30 5 10.70 5 3.80 25 Kelompok P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 Total Mot_sp_grade_b N