Pendekatan pembelajaran Pembelajaran 1. Pengertian pembelajaran

36 Gu r u l e b i h d o mi n a n b e r c e r a ma h d a n me mb e r i i n s t r u k s i d i b a n d i n g me mb i mb i n g d a n me mf a s i l i t a s i b e l a j a r s i s wa . P r i n s i p d a s a rp e mb e l a j a r a n b e r p u s a tp a d as i s way a n g me n j a d i c i r i p e mb e l a j a r a n k u r i k u l u m 201 3, d a l a m p a n d a n g a n p e mb e l a j a r a n i n i s i s wa p e r l ud a nh a r u s t e r l i b a t p e ma h a ma n me l a l u i p e n a l a r a n o l e h d i r i s e n d i r i ma u p u nd a l a m k e l o mp o k d i s k u s i a t a u s u a t u k e l o mp o k k e c i l y a n g me mb a h a s s u a t u ma t e r i b e l a j a r . Gu r u l e b i h b e r s i f a t s e b a g a i f a s i l i t a t o r d a l a m p r o s e s me mb a n g u n p e n g e t a h u a n s i s wa t e r s e b u t . P e mb e l a j a r a n b e r p u s a t p a d a s i s wame r u p a k a n p e mb e l a j a r a n k u r i k u l u m 201 3 y a n g me n e mp a t k a n s i s wa s e b a g a is u b j e k u n t u k b e l a j a r , a r t i n y a s i s wa s e n d i r i l a hy a n gme l a k u k a n l a n g k a h - l a n g k a h s e c a r a a k t i f d a l a m r a n g k a b e l a j a r y a n g t e l a h d i r a n c a n g s e c a r a c e r ma t o l e h g u r u . S a a t i t u g u r u a k t i f me mf a s i l i t a s i d a n me mb i mb i n g a g a r s i s wa ma mp u me l a k u k a n l a n g k a h - l a n g k a h b e l a j a r n y a . K a r e n a i t u g u r u p e r l u l e b i h c e r ma t l a g i me r e n c a n a k a n k e g i a t a n - k e g i a t a n s i s wa i n i d a l a m r p p r e n c a n a p e l a k s a n a a n p e mb e l a j a r a n . B e r b a g a i j e n i s k o n t e n ma t e r i p e mb e l a j a r a np e r l u d i s u s u n s e d e mi k i a n r u p a s e h i n g g a me mu d a h k a n s i s wa u n t u k p e ma h a ma n t e r h a d a p ma t e r i p e mb e l a j a r a n . P e mb e l a j a r a n b e r p u s a t p a d a s i s wame n u n t u t s i s wa u n t u k a k t i f b e l a j a r me l a l u i a k t i f i t a s - a k t i f i t a s d a l a m r a n g k a me r a i h s u b - s u b k o mp e t e n s i y a n g me mb e n t u k k o mp e t e n s i u t a ma s e c a r a u t u h . Ol e h k a r e n a i t u , g u r u h a r u s s e c a r a c e r ma t me n y i a p k a n k e g i a t a n - k e g i a t a n d a n a k t i f i t a s - a k t i f i t a s y a n gs e s u a i d e n g a n t u j u a n a k h i r p e mb e l a j a r a n . P e n y u s u n a n a k t i f i t a s b e l a j a r b e r p u s a t p a d a s i s wa i n i h a r u s me mp e r h a t i k a n k a r a k t e r i s t i k - k a r a k t e r i s t i k s i s wa 37 p a d a u mu mn y a . B e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n b e r b a g a i p e n j e l a s a n d i a t a s ma k a p e n e l i t i me l a k u k a n p e mb e l a j a r a n b e r p u s a t s i s wa d e n g a n me l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n p e n g e mb a n g a n me d i a p e mb e l a j a r a n , s e h i n g g a d i a h a r a p k a n s i s wa d a p a t b e l a j a r a a k t i f s e c a r a ma n d i r i s e s u a i d e n g a n p e mb e l a j a r a n k u r i k u l u m 201 3.

4. Media pembelajaran a. Pengertian media pembelajaran

K a t a me d i a b e r a s a l d a r i b a h a s a l a t i n me d i u s y a n g s e c a r a h a r f i a h b e r a r t i t e n g a h , p e r a n t a r a ma t a u p e n g a n t a r . Me d i a a d a l a h p e r a n t a r a a t a u p e n g a n t a r p e s a n d a r i p e n g i r i m k e p a d a p e n e r i ma p e s a n A r s y a d , 2009 : 3 . S a n a k y 201 1 : 3 me n g e mu k a k a n b a h wa me d i a p e mb e l a j a r a n a d a l a h s e b u a h a l a t y a n g b e r f u n g s i d a n d i g u n a k a n u n t u k me n y a mp a i k a n p e s a n p e mb e l a j a r a n .

b. Jenis-jenis media pembelajaran

P a d a d a s a r n y a me d i a d i k e l o mp o k k a n me n j a d i t i g a b a g i a n y a i t u me d i a a u d i o , me d i a v i s u a l d a n me d i a a u d i o v i s u a l . Me d i a p e mb e l a j a r a n me r u p a k a n k o mp o n e n i n s t r u k s i o n a l y a n g me l i p u t i p e s a n , o r a n g , d a n p e r a l a t a n . Da l a m p e r k e mb a n g a n n y a , me d i a p e mb e l a j a r a n me n g i k u t i p e r k e mb a n g a nt e k n o l o g i . P e n g e l o mp o k k a n b e r b a g a i j e n i s me d i a a p a b i l a d i l i h a t d a r i s e g i p e r k e mb a n g a n t e k n o l o g i o l e h S e e l s d a n Gl a s g o w s e b a g a i ma n a y a n g t e l a h d i k e mu k a k a n o l e h A r s y a d 2009 : 33- 34 d i b a g i k e d a l a m 2 k a t e g o r i l u a s y a i t u p i l i h a n me d i a t r a d i s i o n a l d a n p i l i h a n me d i a t e k n o l o g i mu t a k h i r . 38 1 P i l i h a n me d i a t r a d i s i o n a l a V i s u a l d i a m y a n g d i p r o y e k s i k a n , me l i p u t i : p r o y e k s i apaque , p r o y e k s i overhead , slides , d a n filmstrip b V i s u a l y a n g t a k d i p r o y e k s i k a n , me l i p u t i g a mb a r , p o s t e r , f o t o , charts , g r a f i k , d i a g r a m, p a me r a n , p a p a ni n f o , d a n p a p a n b u l u c A u d i o , me l i p u t i : r e k a ma n p i r i n g a n , p i t a k a s e t , reel , d a n cartridge . d P e n y a j i a n mu l t i me d i a , me l i p u t i : s l i d e p l u s s u a r a t a p e d a n multi image . e V i s u a l d i n a mi s y a n g d i p r o y e k s i k a n , me l i p u t i : f i l m, t e l e v i s e , d a n v i d e o . f C e t a k , me l i p u t i : b u k ut e k s , mo d u l , t e k s t e r p r o g r a m, workbook , ma j a l a h i l mi a h b e r k a l a , d a n l e mb a r a n l e p a s hand-out g P e r ma i n a n , me l i p u t i : t e k a - t e k i , s i mu l a s i , d a n p e r ma i n a n p a p a n . h R e a l i a , me l i p u t i : mo d e l , spacimen c o n t o h , d a n ma n i p u l a t i v e p e t a , b o n e k a . 2 P i l i h a n me d i a t e k n o l o g i mu t a k h i r a Me d i a b e r b a s i s t e l e k o mu n i k a s i , me l i p u t i : t e l e k o n f e r e n , k u l i a h j a r a k j a u h . b Me d i a b e r b a s i s mi k r o p r o c e s o r , me l i p u t i : computer-assisted i n s t r u c t i o n , p e r ma i n a n k o mp p u t e r , s y s t e m t u t u o r i n t e l e g e n , i n t e r a k t i f , hypermedia, compact v i d e o disk . 39

c. Manfaat media pembelajaran

B e r b a g a i ma n f a a t p e mb e l a j a r a n t e l a h d i b a h a s o l e h b e b e r a p a a h l i . Me n u r u t K e mp d a n Da y t o n d a l a m b u k u n y a A r s y a d 2009 : 21 me n g e mu k a k a n b e b e r a p a h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n y a n g me n u n j u k k a n d a mp a k p o s i t i f d a r i p e n g g u n a a n me d i a s e b a g a i b a g i a n i n t e g r a l p e mb e l a j a r a n d i k e l a s a t a u s e b a g a i c a r a u t a ma p e mb e l a j a r a n l a n g s u n g s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : 1 P e n y a mp a i a n p e mb e l a j a r a n me n j a d i l e b i h b a k u . 2 P e mb e l a j a r a n j a d i l e b i h me n a r i k . 3 P e mb e l a j a r a n me n j a d i l e b i h i n t e r a k t i f . 4 L a ma wa k t u p e mb e l a j a r a n y a n g d i p e r l u k a n d a p a t d i p e r s i n g k a t . 5 K u a l i t a s h a s i l b e l a j a r d a p a t d i t i n g k a t k a n . 6 P e mb e l a j a r a n d a p a t d i b e r i k a n k a p a n d i ma n a d i i n g i n k a n a t a u d i p e r l u k a n . 7 S i k a p p o s i t i f s i s wa t e r h a d a p a p a y a n g d i p e l a j a r i . 8 P e r a n g u r u d a p a t b e r u b a h k e a r a h y a n g l e b i h p o s i t i f . S u d j a n a d a n R i v a i d a l a m A r s y a d 2009 : 24 me n g e mu k a k a n ma n f a a t me d i a p e mb e l a j a r a n d a l a m p r o s e s b e l a j a r me n g a j a r s i s wa y a i t u : 1 P e mb e l a j a r a n a k a n l e b i h me n a r i k p e r h a t i a n s i s wa s e h i n g g a d a p a t me n u mb u h k a n mo t i v a s i d a l a m b e l a j a r . 2 B a h a n p e mb e l a j a r a n a k a n l e b i h j e l a s ma k n a n y a s e h i n g g a d a p a t l e b i h d i p a h a mi o l e h s i s wa d a n me mu n g k i n k a n n y a me n g u a s a i d a n me n c a p a i t u j u a n p e mb e l a j a r a n . 3 Me t o d e me n g a j a r a k a n l e b i h b e r v a r i a s i , t i d a k s e ma t a ma t a k o mu n i k a s i v e r b a l me l a l u i p e n u t u r a n k a t a - k a t a o l e h g u r u , 4 s e h i n g g a s i s wa t i d a k b o s a n d a n g u r u t i d a k k e h a b i s a n t e n a g a , a p a l a g i k a l a u g u r u me n g a j a r p a d a s e t i a p j a m p e l a j a r a n . 4 S i s wa d a p a t l e b i h b a n y a k me l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n s e b a b t i d a k h a n y a me n d e n g a r k a n u r a i a n g u r u , t e t a p i j u g a a k t i f i t a s l a i n s e p e r t i me n g a ma t i , me l a k u k a n , me n d e mo n s t r a s i k a n , me me r a n k a n d a n l a i n - l a i n . A r s y a d 2009 : 25 - 27 me n g u n g k a p k a n ma n f a a t p r a k t i s me n g g u n a k a n me d i a p e mb e l a j a r a n d i d a l a m p r o s e s b e l a j a r me n g a j a r s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : 1 Me d i a p e mb e l a j a r a n d a p a t me mp e r j e l a s p e n y a j i a n p e s a n d a n i n f o r ma s i s e h i n g g a d a p a t me mp e r l a n c a r d a n me n i n g k a t k a n p r o s e s d a n h a s i l b e l a j a r . 2 Me d i a p e mb e l a j a r a n d a p a t me n i n g k a t k a n d a n me n g a r a h k a n p e r h a t i a n a n a k s e h i n g g a d a p a t me n i mb u l k a n mo t i v a s i b e l a j a r , i n t e r a k s i y a n g l e b i h l a n g s u n g a n t a r a s i s wa d a n l i n g k u n g a n n y a d a n k e mu n g k i n a n s i s wa u n t u k b e l a j a r s e n d i r i - s e n d i r i s e s u a i d e n g a n k e ma mp u a n d a n mi n a t n y a . 3 Me d i a p e mb e l a j a r a n d a p a t me n g a t a s i k e t e r b a t a s a n r u a n g , d a n wa k t u . 4 Me d i a p e mb e l a j a r a n d a p a t me mb e r i k a n k e s a ma a n p e n g a l a ma n k e p a d a s i s wa t e n t a n g p e r i s t i wa - p e r i s t i wa d i l i n g k u n g a n me r e k a . B e r d a s a r k a n b e b e r a p a p e n d a p a t d i a t a s d a p a t d i k e mu k a k a n b a h wa me d i a s a n g a t b e r p e r a n d a l a m s e b u a h p r o s e s p e mb e l a j a r a n , s e h i n g g a p e n y a l u r a n i n f o r ma s i a t a u ma t e r i y a n g d i s a mp a i k a n g u r u t e r h a d a p s i s wa