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the researcher in determining which excerpts contained collaborative learning contributions. Hsieh and Shannon 2005 explain the use of the directed approach
in analysing the data for content analysis research. The goal of a directed approach to content analysis is to validate or extend
conceptually a theoretical framework or theory. Existing theory or research can help focus the research question. It can provide predictions about the
variables of interest or about the relationships among variables, thus helping to determine the initial coding scheme or relationships between
codes. p. 1281
Then, the researcher started to identify the data to find what the contributions of collaborative learning that the students perceived to their soft
skills development through their reflections based on the theories that the researcher used.
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the findings of the research and the discussion of data analysis. There are two sections presented to answer the research questions.
The first section is the characteristics of collaborative learning that frequently appear in
students’ reflection papers in Play Performance class. The second section is the contributions of collaborative learning perceived by the students in
Play Performance class to their soft skills development.
A. Characteristics of Collaborative Learning in Students’ Reflection Papers
In this research, the researcher found nine characteristics of collaborative learning Friend Cook, 2010 in the
students’ reflection papers. Those characteristics of collaborative are voluntary, requiring parity among participants,
having mutual goals, sharing responsibility for participation and decision making, sharing resources, sharing accountability for outcomes, valuing interpersonal
style, trusting one another, and evolving a sense of community Friend Cook, 2010.
The researcher analyzed the students’ reflection papers from Play
Performance class in the first semester of academic year of 20152016. The reflections were the assignments for the midterm test and the final test.
