FINDINGS FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

78 investigated through the quantitative approach of independent-sample t-test. Completing the four steps of the data analysis, the researcher discovered that non- English students of Batam University, both for Medical and Law students, fulfilled the four strategies of requests proposed by Rue and Zhang. Despite of this fact, it was also learned that they applied different strategies for different situations. The setting of the situational contexts, noticeably, affected the choice of certain strategies chosen by the Medicine and Law students. The previous table 17 and table 18 were shown the analysis results of all respondents which is summarized in a simpler display as seen in table 19 below. Table 19. Summary of Data Analysis Results of Request Acts Strategies Pattern of Medicine and Law Group No Strategies Medical Group Law Group Number of Occurrence Percentage Number of Occurrence Percentage 1 Openers 253 14.75 222 13.26 2 Head Acts 336 25.07 316 27.57 3 Internal Modifications 421 28.37 381 29.93 4 External Modifications 472 31.81 367 29.24 The above table illustrated the significant different of the four strategies practiced by Medicine and Law students in requesting. However, to prove whether the two groups of Medicine and Law of Batam University employed different strategies or not, the researcher tested the above result using independent-sample t- test which is discussed in the quantitative findings below. Further, the findings show that in doing mixed-methods analysis, after completing the qualitative one, the following analysis is using the quantitative method. The quantitative analysis was not as simple as doing qualitative one. In this 79 case, the researcher had confirmed that the data which were used in this thesis were valid and worth to be used for t-test analysis. Once the data were not valid, the result of the t-test would lead to the invalid result and the failure of the significant core of the research conducted. Therefore, before examining the data using t-test, the researcher assessed the normality and the homogeneity of the data through the Kolmogorov- Smirnov of normality and Levene’s test of homogeneity. Table 20. Result of Data Validity Test Before conducting the normality and homogeneity test, the researcher focused on the basic requirement of data validity inputted as the SPSS data for t- test. From table 20, it is observed that the data were valid. The total of the N is 60 respondents which covered 100 of the total of respondents, 30 Medicine students and 30 Law students, accordingly, there was no missing data. As the validity of the data had been proven, the researcher went to next tests which were normality and homogeneity. Table 21. Result of Normality Test 80 Measuring the normality assumption was done through the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test. According to Pallant 2011:63, test of normality resulted from Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. She further asserted that the significant value of Sig. greater than 0.050 indicated the normality of the data distribution, so the assumption was not violated. Table 21 displayed the Sig. value of the data for each strategy is more than 0.050, where the Openers 0.067, Head Acts 0.089, Internal Modifications 0.200 and External Modifications 0.136. Therefore, it can be generalized that the data met the first assumption, the normality. Table 22. Result of Homogeneity Test The second assumption to be fulfilled before conducting t-test procedure is homogeneity test. The test of homogeneity resulted from the Levene’s test for equality of the variances Pallant, 2011:207. She declared that the equal variances of the groups was achieved through the Levene’s score of Sig. greater than 0.050, if the score was less than 0.050 then it violated the homogeneity assumption. Based in table 22 above, it is exposed that the scores of each strategy are more than 0.050, where Openers 0.504, Head Acts 0.557, Internal Modifications 0.241, and 81 External Modifications 0.174. Thus, the data also met the homogeneity assumption. Since the data validity and the assumptions of normality and homogeneity were achieved, the researcher finally reached the t-test procedure to test whether the significant different between the two groups, Medicine and Law students, existed. This t-test procedure was conducted through comparing the means of four strategies based on its score or number of the occurances, therefore, it did not compare the means of the percentages of the analysis displayed in table 19 above. The example of the data comparison of the opener, head acts, internal and external modifications were displayed in details in appendix 7 of this thesis. The following table 23 revealed the t-test result of this research. Table 23. Result of T-Test of Medicine and Law Group In meeting the trustworthiness of this research, the researcher relied on t- test procedure to make sure that the results were valid as a mean to minimize the subjectivity and the bias. The table 22 above verified that different background of Medicine and Law study fields were influenced the different use of request acts 82 strategies by the non-English students of Batam University. The Pearson correlations of 2-Tailed scores of each strategy of requests presented the value of the significant difference less than 0.050, in which the Openers 0.000, Head Acts 0.039, Internal Modifications 0.037, and External Modifications 0.000. Following Pallant 2011, these scores meaning that there is significant difference between the two groups investigated in this research, specifically the Medicine and Law students as the non-English students in making requests. Therefore, the researcher drew the decision that the null hypothesis was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. These findings are further exposed in details in the following discussions section of this chapter.

B. DISCUSSIONS

This section is divided into three parts which elaborate the discussions on the patterns of the request produced by non-English learners at different fields of study, particularly Medicine and Law study, the different strategies selected by them, and the factors underlying the choice of certain strategies in making requests. In general, it was seen that Medicine and Law group employed the four sequence of requests strategies, yet, the researcher found some notable distunctions as seen in table 24 below. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 83 Table 24. General summary of the different request strategies employed by Medical and Law students No. Dissimilarity Medicine Group Law Group 1 Main strategies used in making request External modifications Internal modifications 2 Openers Use more openers Use less openers, sometimes many with no openers 3 Head acts Use more Hints as the non- conventionally indirect head acts as well as Query preparatory as the convetionally indirect head acts Use more direct head acts and less hints 4 Internal modifications Use more syntactic conditional internal modifications Use more internal modifications, mainly syntactic interrogatives. 5 External modifications Use more external modifications Use less external modifications 6 Length of the expressions utterances Use longer expressions Use shorter and straightforward expressions The above table only displayed the general points of dissimilarities of the requests acts used by Medical and Law students. The details of each strategy used by the two groups are explained in a more specific way along with the samples of the expressions.

1. Requests Pattern Produced by Medical and Law Students

Both Medical and Law students were discovered to follow the sequence of the four strategies in making requests proposed in this research which covered the using of the openers, head acts as the main request acts, internal and external modifications see table 19. The exploiting of each strategy is discussed in specifics in the ensuing sections. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI