16 constructive dialogue and active attention to efforts that support the ability of subordinates. G3 called the
participative style as a leader and subordinates have contributed to the decision making process. Key to the success of leadership is actively listen and provide motivation to the subordinates.
Delegative style delegating is applied to the subordinates who have a high maturity. At the high maturity level, the subordinate has the ability and willingness M4. Few leaders have given direction, because the
employees can describe programs and institutions perform well. Decide the best solution for the sake of success in achieving organizational goals. Participative style include low task behavior and relationship behavior Low G4.
From the foregoing, it can be said that, the application of leadership style variations need to be adjusted to the level of ability and willingness of subordinates in carrying out the duties and responsibilities given. The
description of the leadership contingency theory that gave birth to the situational leadership style can be used as consideration for the leaders of the organization in directing and influencing subordinates in the achievement of
organizational goals.
2. Nature of Conflict
One of the problems that often arise during the course of the changes in the organization is a conflict between members or between groups. Conflict does not only have to be accepted
and managed properly, but also to be encouraged, because of the conflict is the power to bring about change and progress within the organization Hardjana, 1994. Conflicts between
individuals within the organization was inevitable, but can be used towards productive if managed well Cummings, 1980. Similarly, Edelman in Wahyudi 2006 asserted that, if the
conflict can be managed systematically positive impact namely, strengthening cooperative relations, increase confidence and self-esteem, enhances creativity and productivity, and
improve job satisfaction. But on the contrary, ineffective conflict management is to apply heavy sanctions for opponents, and trying to suppress subordinates who oppose the policy that
organizational climate is getting worse and increase the properties want to ruin Owens, 1991. Conflicts between individuals or between groups can be beneficial or detrimental to the
survival of the organization. Therefore, the leadership of the organization are required to have the capability of conflict management in order to take advantage of the conflict to improve the
performance and productivity of the organization. Similarly, Winardi 1994 found, conflict management includes activities; 1 Stimulating
the conflict, 2 reduce or suppress the conflict, and 3 Resolve conflicts. Stimulation of conflict is required when the work unit decreased productivity or there are groups that do not
meet the specified standard work. The method is performed in stimulating the conflict, namely; A include members who
have the attitude, the behavior of different views fibers with prevailing norms, b restructure the organization, especially rotation of office and a new division of tasks, c communicate
information that is contrary to the habits of experienced, d increase competition by offering incentives, promotions or other awards, e elect new leadership more democratic. Measures to
reduce conflict conducted if high levels of conflict and lead to destructive acts with decreased work productivity in each unit section. Methods to reduce conflict by way of substitute
objectives that can be accepted by groups in conflict, posing new challenges to both sides in order to be dealt with together, and giving work to do together so that the resulting attitude of
friendship between members of the group. While the resolution of conflicts conflict resolution is an action taken leadership of the organization in the face of the parties in conflict.
Each different organizational leadership in responding response conflict. Theories about the conduct of the conflict conflict behavior concluded by Tosi, et al., 1990 there are five
different ways that people respond to conflict; avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise, and cooperation.
Evade is a reaction to the conflict, namely one or both sides tried not to get involved with issues that may cause a difference or conflict. Most people like to shy away from conflict,
painful experience Ive ever experienced by individuals and groups to make them want to
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withdraw from the conflict. The tendency to avoid conflict can also be based on a view that conflicts can be detrimental and is considered disrespectful. Avoiding conflict is a wise move
when the issue of conflict is not critical and negative impacts outweigh the benefits advantages. To change the attitudes of other people is not easy, then from conflict avoidance
techniques can give the other party an opportunity to think refresh memories and seek more information about the disputed issues.
Accommodate means succumbing to a variety will wishes of others. Accommodation may mean melihara a relationship with another party, or an effort to combine those separate.
Leaving the decision to the other party felt better than taking the risk of alienating others. Values are believed by akomodator that conflict significantly negative and harmful. Techniques
accommodation is a good gesture if one party feels wrong and allow others to carry out his wishes. Accommodation used as an alternative to respond to conflict if it wants to maintain
good relations. Competition or rivalry is a form of peaceful struggle that occurred when the two parties
competing or fighting to achieve a common goal. Competition can be detrimental if the struggle of individuals or groups in pursuit of various desires at the expense of others. Conflict is seen as
a game to be won. Victory, success, and fulfillment of the objectives of competition, if it fails means a weakness, and loss of status. Each party felt that there should be winners and defeated
in a conflict. Competing parties use a variety of strategies to win the competition in the form of threats, arguments, or persuasion. Competition can be run regularly and honestly if both parties
recognize the norms to conduct a fair competition. Without clear rules, the competition easily evolve into a conflict that is not controlled.
Collaboration is the willingness to accept the other sides needs. In collaboration there is an opportunity to meet the interests of both sides in the conflict. Cooperation collaboration is
very useful if each party to the conflict have different objectives and compromise is not possible. Way collaboration enables both parties to the conflict to work together and find
solutions to problems completely and satisfactorily. The purpose of the collaboration is to get the desire of each group, so that both sides win and nothing is defeated. Because it can
strengthen relationships and creates a feeling of mutual respect on both sides. Methods of cooperation coorperation can be used when the parties involved in the
conflict wants to satisfy all the parties involved in the conflict and the search for mutually beneficial results. Method of cooperation applied if each party interdependence in the work, and
the goal can not be achieved individually or group. In addition, technical co-operation to achieve the commitments by inserting various interests into a consensus.
With different explanations, Leavitt 1986 noted that to resolve the conflict can be approached as follows; 1 confrontation, 2 negotiating and bargaining bargaining, 3 the
absorption absorption. Confrontation techniques are troubleshooting to reduce tensions through face to face
meetings between groups in conflict. The purpose of the meeting is to identify problems and solve them. Groups in conflict are given the opportunity to argue openly about various topics
and discuss all relevant issues until a decision is reached. Techniques of negotiation and bargaining is negotiations bring together two parties with different interests to reach an
agreement. Each party brings a series of proposals which are then discussed and implemented. Each member is then discussed and implemented. Each member is aware of the importance of
bargaining to settle the debate, each lowered demand so as to achieve optimal meeting point. In the negotiations, nothing is defeated, all parties to avoid the feeling of winning demands.
Optimally so as to achieve common ground. In the negotiations, there is nothing that reached the point of course. Mechanical absorption absorption, namely how to manage organizational
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conflict between large groups with small groups. The small group that wants to get the majority, but as a consequence have to take responsibility for its implementation.
The use of any method of controlling conflict would pose a risk and impact for the survival of the organization. Hardjana in Wahyudi 2006 states, is the ideal management
objectives can be achieved and the relationship between the parties to the conflict remain good. Each approach has the uniqueness of each and the ability to recognize the various methods of
conflict resolution could provide an important basis to deal with any conflicts that arise. Good conflict management is preceded by the identification of sources konlfik and other
types of conflict, knowing the conflict, the classification of the conflict based on the advantages and disadvantages for the survival of the organization, choose the appropriate approach to the
problem and the objectives to be achieved.
3. Nature of Culture and Sports Maluku
