SARAN Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah:

7. Perilaku harian orangutan Sumatera di Stasiun Penelitian Hutan Batang Toru Bagian Barat meliputi aktifitas makan 65, bergerak 21, istirahat 10,4 dan sosial 3,6.

5.2. SARAN Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah:

1. Perlu dilakukan penelitian pengaruh musim terhadap perilaku makan di Kawasan Hutan Batang Toru Bagian Barat sehingga fluktuasi produktifitas tumbuhan dan pengaruh perubahan iklim diketahui. 2. Perlu dilakukan penelitian yang berkaitan dengan asupan dan pengeluaran energi yang terjadi pada orangutan guna mengetahui kebutuhan makanan orangutan. 3. Perlu dilakukan upaya perlindungan dan dukungan dari pemerintah Tapanuli Selatan, Tapanuli Tengah dan Tapanuli Utara, Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat dan masyarakat setempat terhadap habitat orangutan di Batang Toru, karena merupakan salah satu unit habitat terakhir orangutan di Selatan Danau Toba yang terancam akibat aktifitas pertambangan, ilegall logging dan pembukaan lahan. Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR PUSTAKA Ancrenaz, M., Marshall, A., Goossens, B., van Schaik, C.,Sugardjito, J., Gumal, M and Wich, S. 2007. Pongo pygmaeus In Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN Publications. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Delgado, R. and van Schaik, C.P. 2000. The Behavioural Ecology and Conservation of the Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus: A Tale of Two Islands. Journal Evolutionary Anthropology. 9: 201 –218 . Dodjoasmoro, R., Simanjuntak, C.N., Wibowo, T., Sanul., Lase, T., Pardosi, B. 2001. Survey Orangutan di Cagar Alam Dolok Sibual-buali dan Cagar Alam Dolok Sipirok Tapanuli Selatan. Laporan Survey. Tidak Dipublikasikan. Djojoasmoro, R. 2003. Sebaran dan Aktivitas Orangutan Sumatera di Cagar Alam Dolok Sibual-buali Tapanuli Selatan Sumatera Utara. Laporan Penelitian. Program Studi Biologi Program Pasca Sarjana FMIPA Universitas Indonesia: Depok. Fox, E.A., van Schaik, C.P., Sitompul, A and Wright, D.N. 2004. Intra-and Interpopulational Differencesin Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus Activity and Diet: Implications for the Invention of Tool Use. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 125: 162 –74. Fredriksson, G.M. 1995. Reintroduction of Orangutans: A New Approach, A Study on the Behaviour and Ecology of Reintroduced Orangutans in the Sungai Wain Nature Reserve, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. MSc. [Thesis]. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam. Galdikas, B.M.F. 1978. Orangutan Adaptation at TanjungPuting Reserve, Central Borneo. Ph. D. [Thesis]. Los Angeles: University of California . Galdikas, B.M.F. 1984. Adult Female Sociality Among Wild Orangutans at Tanjung Puting Reserve. In M.F. Small, ed., Female Primates: Studies by Women Primatologists,pp. 217 –35. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York . Galdikas, BMF. 1984. Adaptasi Orangutan di Suaka Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan Tengah. UI-Press: Jakarta. Galdikas, B.M.F. 1986. Adaptasi Orangutan di Suaka Tanjung Puting Kalimantan Tengah. UI Press: Jakarta. Universitas Sumatera Utara Galdikas, B.M.F. 1988. Orangutan Diet, Range, and Activity at Tanjung Puting, Central Borneo. International Journal of Primatology 9: 1 –35 . Galdikas, B.M.F. and Briggs, N. 1999. Orangutan Odyssey. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. New York. Groves, CP. 1999. The Taxonomy of Orangutans. In: C.Yeager ed. Orangutan Action Plan. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington. Groves, C.P. 2001. Primate Taxonomy. Smith Sonian Institution Press. Washington DC. Harrison, M.E. 2009. Orangutan Feeding Behaviour in Sabangau, Central Kalimantan. [Disertation]. University of Cambridge: Massachusetts. Helen, C. Morrogh-Bernard., Simon, J., Husson., Cheryl, D., Knott.,Serge. A. Wich., Carel P. van Schaik., Maria, A., van Noordwijk.,Isabelle., Lackman-Ancrenaz., Andrew, J., Marshall., Tomoko, Kanamori., Noko Kuze and Ramlan bin Sakong. 2009. Orangutan Activity Budgets and Diet A Comparison Between Species, Populations and Habitats. International Journal Primatol. 8: 119-133. Knott, C.D. 1998. Changes in Orangutan Caloric Intake, Energy Balance, and Ketones in Response to I Uctuating Fruit Availability. International Journal of Primatology. 19: 1061 –79. Knott, C.D. 1999. Reproductive Physiological and Behavioural Responses of Orangutans in Borneo to I Uctuationsin Food Availability. Ph.D [Thesis]. Harvard University. Cambridge. MA. Krisdijantoro A. 2007. Analisis Pola Penggunaan Ruang dan Waktu Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus Linneaus, 1760 di Hutan Mentoko Taman Nasional Kutai Kalimantan Timur. [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. Kuncoro, P., Sudaryanto., Yuni. L.P.S.K. 2008. Perilaku dan Jenis Pakan Orangutan Kalimantan Pongo pygmaeus Linneaus, 1760 Di Kalimantan. Jurnal Biologi XI. 2: 64-69. Kuswanda, W. 2006. Status Terkini dan Ancaman Fragmentasi Habitat Orangutan Sumatera Pongo abelii di Kawasan Hutan Batang Toru : Studi Kasus Cagar Alam Sibual-buali. Balitbang Kehutanan Sumatera. Departemen Kehutanan. Kertas Kerja D isampaikan dalam ”Workshop Masa Depan Habitat Orangutan Sumatera dan Pembangunan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Batang Toru” Sibolga, 17-18 Januari 2006. Kuswanda, Wanda. 2007. Ancaman Terhadap Populasi Orangutan Sumatera. Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Aek Nauli-Parapat-Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. Vol. IV No. 4. Universitas Sumatera Utara Lamounier, Y., Purnajaya and Setiabudi. 1987. International Map of Vegetation and Environmental Conditions: Northern Sumatra, Scale 1:1.000.000. Institut de la Carte Internationale du Tapis Végétal and SEAMEO- BIOTROP. Toulouse and Bogor. MacKinnon, J.R. 1972. The Behaviour and Ecology of the Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus With Relation to the Other Apes. University of Oxford. Oxford. [Thesis]. Ph.D. tidak dipublikasikan. MacKinnon, J.R. 1974. The Behaviour and Ecology of Wild Orangutans Pongo pygmaeus. Animal Behaviour. 22: 3 –74. Mackinnon, J.R. 1985. Orangutan. Dalam: Macdonald, D ed. 1985. Primates. Torstar Books: New York. Mapple, TL. 1980. Orangutan Behavior. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company: New York. Meididit, A. 2009. Respon Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii Terhadap Fluktuasi Ketersediaan Buah: Aktivitas Harian, Komposisi Pakan dan Keberadaan Keton Dalam Urin. [Tesis]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia, Program Pascasarjana . Meijaard, E., H.D. Rijksen S.N. Kartikasari. 2001. Di Ambang Kepunahan, Kondisi Orangutan Liar di Awal Abad Ke-21. Publikasi the Gibbon Foundation Indonesia:Jakarta. Mitani, J.C. 1989. Orangutan Activity Budgets: Monthly Variations and The Effects of Body Size, Parturition and Sociality. American Journal of Primatology. 18: 87 –100. Moen, A.N. 1973. Wildlife Ecology. W.H. Freeman and Co. San Fransisco. Morrogh-Bernard, H.C., S.J. Husson., C.D. Knott., S.A. Wich., C.P. van Schaik., M.A. van Noordwijk., I.L. Ancrenaz., A.J. Marshall., T. Kanamori., N. Kuze R. Bin Sakong. Orangutan Activity Budgets and Diet. 2009. Dalam: Wich, S.A., S.S.U. Atmoko., T.M. Setia C.P. van Schaik eds.. 2009. Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press Inc: New York. Morrogh-Bernard H., Husson S. and McLardy C. 2002. Orangutan Data Collection Standardisation. LSB Leakey Foundation Orangutan Culture Workshop. February. San Anselm. California. Perbatakusuma, EA., Supriatna, Jatna., Siregar, Rondang, S.E., Wurjanto., Didy., Sihombing, Luhut., and Sitaparasti, Dhani. 2006. Mengarustamakan Kebijakan Konservasi Biodiversitas dan SistemPenyangga Kehidupan di Kawasan Hutan Alam Sungai Batang Toru Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Universitas Sumatera Utara Laporan Teknik. Program Konservasi Orangutan Batang Toru. Conservation International Indonesia –Departemen Kehutanan. Pandan. Perbatakusuma, EA., Siregar, RS., Siringo Ringo, J.B., Panjaitan, L., Wurjanto, D., Adhikerana, A. and Sitaparasti, Dhani. 2007. Membangun Kolaborasi Strategi Konservasi Habitat Orangutan Sumatera di Ekosistem Batang Toru. Laporan Loka karya Para Pihak. Conservation International – Departemen Kehutanan. Sibolga. Population and Habitat Viability Assessment. 2004. Orangutan. Laporan Akhir Workshop tanggal 15-18 Januari 2004. Jakarta. Primack, R.B., Supriatna, J., Indrawan., Kramadibrata, P. 1998. Biologi Konservasi. Yayasan Obor Indonesia: Jakarta. Ramadhan, A. 2008. Evaluasi Perubahan Pola Perilaku Makan Pada Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus morio di Pusat Reintroduksi Orangutan Borneo Orangutan Survival BOS Wanariset-Samboja Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. Rijksen, H.D. 1978. A Field Study on Sumatran Orangutans Pongo pygmaeus abelii, Lesson 1827: Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation. H. Veenman and Zonen. Wageningen. The Netherlands. Rijksen, H.D. and Meijaard, E. 1999. Our Vanishing Relative: The Status of Wild Orangutans at The Close of The Twentieth Century. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht . Robertson, J.M.Y. and van Schaik, C.P.2001. Causal Factors Underlying the Dramatic Decline of the Sumatran Orangutan. Oryx. Rodman, P.S. 1977. Feeding Behavior of The Orangutans of The Kutai Nature Reserve, East Kalimantan. In T.H.Clutton-Brock, ed., Primate Ecology: Studies of Feeding and Ranging Behavior in Lemurs, Monkeys and Apes. pp. 383 –413. Academic Press. London. Rodman, P.S. 1979. Individual Activity Pattern and The Solitary Nature of Orangutans. In D.A. Hamburg and E.R. McCown, eds, The Great Apes, pp. 234 –55. BenjaminCumings. Menlo Park. CA. Rodman, P.S. 1988. Diversity and Consistency in Ecologyand Behavior. In J. Schwartz, ed., Orangutan Biology,pp. 31 –51. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Rodman, P.S. 1999. Primatology, The Place of Primates in Contemporary Anthropology. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. Oxford University Press: Oxford. Universitas Sumatera Utara Russon, A.E., Handayani, D.P., Kuncoro P. and Ferisa, A. 2007. Orangutan Leaf- Carrying For Nest Building: Unravelling Cultural Processes. Animal Cognition.10: 189 –202. Rowe, N. 1996. The Pictorial Guide to The Living Primates. Pogonias Press: East Hampton-New York. Simorangkir, R.H., Mansjoer, S.S., Bismark, M. 2009. Struktur dan Komposisi di Habitat Orangutan Liar Pongo abelii, Kawasan Hutan Batang Toru, Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Primatologi Indonesia. Vol. 6 No. 2 Desember 2009. p.10-20.ISSN: 1410-5373. Pusat Studi Satwa Primata, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Sinaga, T. 1992. Studi Habitat dan Perilaku Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus abelii di Bahorok Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser. [Thesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana. Singleton, I. 2000. Ranging Behaviour and Seasonal Movements of Sumatran Orangutans Pongo pygmaeus abelii in Swamp Forests. [Disertation]. The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent. Canterbury. Siringoringo, JB., Sihombing, L. and Perbatakusuma. 2007. Kebijakan Makro Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Mendukung Konservasi Habitat Orangutan Sumatera di Kawasan Hutan DAS Batang Toru. Makalah Disampaikan dalam Lokakarya Membangun Kolaborasi Para Pihak dalam Strategi Konservasi Habitat Orangutan Sumatera dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Masyarakat Berkelanjutan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Batang Toru ” pada tanggal 28–30 Maret 2007 di Medan. Soehartono, T., H.D, Susilo., N, Andayani., S.S.U, Atmoko., J. Sihite., C. Sales A, Sutrisno. 2007. Strategi dan Rencana Aksi Konservasi Orangutan Indonesia 2007-2017. Direktorat Jenderal Perlindungan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. Deparatemen Kehutanan. Indonesia. Suhud, M. C, Saleh. 2007. Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Habitat Orangutan. WWF-Indonesia. Jakarta. Supriatna, J. E.H, Wahyono.2000. Panduan Lapangan Primata Indonesia.Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta. Tilson, R.L., Seal, U.S., Soemarna, K., Ramono, W.S., Sumardha, E., Poniran, S., van Schaik, C., Leighton, M., Rijksen, H. and Eudey. A. eds. 1993. Orangutan Population and Habitat Viability Analysis Report. Unpublished Report for PHPA Based on The Workshop Held in Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia in January 1993. IUCN SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group. Universitas Sumatera Utara Utami, S.S., S.A, Wich, E.H.M, Sterck . van Hooff. 1997. Food Competition Between Wild Orangutan in Large Fig Trees. Int. J. Primatol. 186: 909- 927. Utami, S.S., and van Hooff, JARAM. 1997. Meat-Eating By Adult Female Sumatran OrangutansPongo pygmaeus abelii. American Journal of Primatology. 43: 156 –65. van Schaik, CP. 2006. Diantara orangutan Kera merah. Yayasan Penyelamatan Orangutan Borneo. Jakarta. van Schaik, CP., Ancrenaz, M., Djojoasmoro, R., Knott, CD., Morrogh-Bernard HC., Nuzuar, Odom, K,Utami, Atmoko., van Noordwijk, MA. 2009a. Orangutan Cultures Revisited. In: Wich, SA.,Utami, Atmoko., Mitra, Setia T., van Schaik, C eds. Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, New York. 299 –310 Wich, SA and Geurts, ML. 2002. Conservation Opportunities for The Sumatran Orangutan South of Lake Toba, Utrecht University, Behavioural Biology. The Netherlands. Wich, S.A., M.L. Geurts., T.M. Setia S.S.U. Atmoko. 2006a. Influence of Fruit Availability on Sumatra Orangutan Sociality and Reproduction. Dalam: Hohmann, G., M.M. Robbins C. Boesch eds.. 2006. Feeding Ecology in Apes and Other Primates. Cambridge University Press. Massachusetts: 337-358. Yamagiwa, J. 2004. Diet and Foraging of The Great Apes: Ecological Constraints on Their Social Organizations and Implications for Their Divergence. Dalam: Russon, A.E. D.R. Begun, eds.. 2004. The Evolution of Thought: Evolutionary Origins of Great Apes Intelligence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Yamagiwa, J Basabose, AK.2006. Diet and Seasonal Changes in Sympatric Gorillas and Chimpanzees at Kahuzi-Biega National Park. Journal Primates. 47: 79 –90 . Zulfa, Asri., T.M. Setia., S.S.U. Atmoko E.R. Vogel. 2010. Dietary Preference and Nutrition in Orangutans at The Tuanan Field Station, Cental Kalimantan. Association for Tropical Biology and ConservationATBC. V-58-11: 182. Zulfa, Asri. 2011. Perilaku Makan dan Kandungan Nutiren Makanan Orangutan Sumatera Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827 Di Stasiun Penelitian Ketambe, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Nanggro Aceh Darussalam. [Tesis]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia, Program Pascasarjana. Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 1. Peta Jalur Penelitian di Stasiun Penelitian Hutan Batang Toru Blok Barat Tapanuli Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 2. Tabulasi Data No Individu Jam Kegiatan Item Jenis Tinggi Kanopi meter 1 Beta 7.44 F Fr Syzigium sp. 20 2 Beta 7.46 F Fr Syzigium sp. 20 3 Beta 7.48 F Fr Syzigium sp. 20 4 Beta 7.5 F Fr Syzigium sp. 20 5 Beta 7.52 F Fr Syzigium sp. 20 6 Beta 7.54 M 20 7 Beta 7.56 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 8 Beta 7.58 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 9 Beta 8 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 10 Beta 8.02 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 11 Beta 8.04 F Fl Frecinetia sp. 20 12 Beta 8.06 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 13 Beta 8.08 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 14 Beta 8.1 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 15 Beta 8.12 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 16 Beta 8.14 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 17 Beta 8.16 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 18 Beta 8.18 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 19 Beta 8.2 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 20 Beta 8.22 M 20 21 Beta 8.24 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 22 Beta 8.26 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 23 Beta 8.28 R 20 24 Beta 8.3 M 20 25 Beta 8.32 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 26 Beta 8.34 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 27 Beta 8.36 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 28 Beta 8.38 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 29 Beta 8.4 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 30 Beta 8.42 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 31 Beta 8.44 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 32 Beta 8.46 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 33 Beta 8.48 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 34 Beta 8.5 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 35 Beta 8.52 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 36 Beta 8.54 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 37 Beta 8.56 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 38 Beta 8.58 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 39 Beta 9 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 40 Beta 9.02 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 41 Beta 9.04 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 42 Beta 9.06 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 43 Beta 9.08 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 44 Beta 9.1 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 Universitas Sumatera Utara 45 Beta 9.12 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 46 Beta 9.14 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 47 Beta 9.16 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 48 Beta 9.18 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 49 Beta 9.2 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 50 Beta 9.22 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 51 Beta 9.24 M 20 52 Beta 9.26 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 53 Beta 9.28 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 54 Beta 9.3 M 20 55 Beta 9.32 M 20 56 Beta 9.34 R 20 57 Beta 9.36 M 20 58 Beta 9.38 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 59 Beta 9.4 F Lv Liana 20 60 Beta 9.42 F Lv Liana 20 61 Beta 9.44 F Lv Liana 20 62 Beta 9.46 F Lv Liana 20 63 Beta 9.48 M 20 64 Beta 9.5 M 20 65 Beta 9.52 M 20 66 Beta 9.54 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 20 67 Beta 9.56 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum 15 68 Beta 9.58 M 10 69 Beta 10 F Lv Cinnamomun iners 20 70 Beta 10.02 F Lv Cinnamomun iners 20 71 Beta 10.04 F Lv Cinnamomun iners 20 72 Beta 10.06 F Lv Cinnamomun iners 20 73 Beta 10.08 F Lv Cinnamomun iners 10 74 Beta 10.1 M 20 75 Beta 10.12 R 20 76 Beta 10.14 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 77 Beta 10.16 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 78 Beta 10.18 M 20 79 Beta 10.2 M 20 80 Beta 10.22 M 20 81 Beta 10.14 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 82 Beta 10.16 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 83 Beta 10.14 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 84 Beta 10.16 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 85 Beta 10.14 F Pith Frecinetia sp. 20 86 Beta 10.16 F pith Frecinetia sp. 20 Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 3. Foto Orangutan di Stasiun Penelitian Hutan Batang Toru Blok Barat Beti estimasi umur 6-10 tahun C estimasi umur 30-40 tahun Ipank estimasi umur 10-15 tahun Inda estimasi umur 30-40 tahun Universitas Sumatera Utara ` Gilang Data tidak ada diambil Beta estimasi umur 30-40 tahun Riti estimasi umur 10-15 tahun Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 4. Foto Pakan Orangutan Antiaris toxicaria Buah liana Eurya trichocarpa Xanthophyllum sp. Ficus sinuate Bambusa sp3. Daemonorops sp. Freycinetia imbricata Syzygium helferi Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 5. Daftar Pakan Orangutan Yang Teridentifikasi No. No. Label Famili Spesies 1 ZB 01 Pandanaceae Freycinetia sumatrana Hamsky. 2 ZB 02 Pandanaceae Pandanus helicopus Kurz. 3 ZB 16 Pandanaceae Freycinetia imbricata Blume. 4 ZB 17 Pandanaceae Pandanus artocarpus GRIF. 5 ZB 18 Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea sp. 6 ZB 20 Alangiaceae Alangium sp. 7 ZB 22 Orchidaceae Dipodium sp. 8 ZB 23 Fagaceae Castanopsis costata A.DC. 9 ZB 25 Myrsinaceae Melaleuca sp. 10 ZB 27 Moraceae Ficus grossularioides Burm. 11 ZB 29 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum sp. 12 ZB 30 Orchidaceae Spathoglottis sp. 13 ZB 31 Orchidaceae Dendrobium sp. 14 ZB 33 Arecaceae Daemonorops sp. 15 ZB 34 Sapotaceae Palaquim sp. 16 ZB 35 Myrtaceae Syzygium helferi Duthie. 17 ZB 36 Moraceae Ficus magnoliaefolia Bl. 18 ZB 37 Moraceae Ficus ribes Reinw. 19 ZB 38 Flacourticaceae Hydnocarpus sp. 20 ZB 39 Moraceae Ficus deltoidea Jack. 21 ZB 40 Arecaceae Korthalsia grandis RIDL. 22 ZB 41 Moraceae Ficus fistulosa Reinw. 23 ZB 42 Orchidaceae Cymbidium sp. 24 ZB 43 Pandanaceae Pandanus sp. 25 ZB 44 Arecaceae Calamus caesius Bl. 26 ZB 45 Poaceae Bambusa sp.1 27 ZB 46 Poaceae Bambusa sp.2 28 ZB 47 Poaceae Bambusa sp.3 29 ZB 48 Moraceae Ficus sinuata Thunb. 30 ZB 49 Marantaceae Clinogyne sp. 31 ZB 50 Anacardiaceae Dracontomelum mangiferum Bl. 32 ZB 51 Myrtaceae Syzygium cymosa LAM. 33 ZB 52 Moraceae Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. 34 ZB 53 Moraceae Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. 35 ZB 54 Flagellariaceae Flagellaria indica L. 36 ZB 56 Theaceae Eurya trichocarpa Korth. 37 ZB 57 Myrtaceae Syzygium claviflora Roxb. 38 ZB 59 Polygalaceae Xanthophyllum sp. 39 ZB 60 Lauraceae Cinnamomum sp. Universitas Sumatera Utara 40 ZB 80 Sapotaceae Madhuca sp. 41 ZB 3 Moraceae Arthocarpus sp. 42 ZB 4 Araucariaceae Agathis borneensis 43 ZB 5 Sapotaceae Palakium rostratum 44 ZB 6 Sapotaceae Maduca laurifolia 45 ZB 7 Myrsinaceae Labisia sp. 46 ZB 8 Ulmaceae Gironera parfivolia 47 ZB 9 Ulmaceae Gironera subaequalis 48 ZB 10 Anacardiaceae Camnosperma auriculatum 49 ZB 11 Casuarinaceae Gimnostoma sumaterana 50 ZB 12 Fagaceae Lithocarpus sp. 51 ZB 13 Sapotaceae Maduca kunstuleri 52 ZB 14 Fabaceae Parkia speciosa 53 ZB 15 Moraceae Ficus sp. 54 ZB 19 Myrtaceae Syzigium sp. 55 ZB 21 Myrtaceae Rhodomnia sp. 56 ZB 24 Lauraceae Cinnamomun iners 57 ZB 26 Clusiaceae Garcinia sp. 58 ZB 28 Podocarpaceae Dacrydium beccarii 59 ZB 32 Buah legume 60 ZB 55 Liana fog 61 ZB 58 Liana kantong 62 ZB 61 Liana sulur 63 ZB 62 Liana gitan 64 ZB 63 Formicidae Xenomyrmex sp. 65 ZB 64 Termitidae Macrotermes sp. Universitas Sumatera Utara Lampiran 6. Hasil Statistic Programme for Scientific and Social science ” SPSS 19,0 A. Crosstabs Aktifitas Harian Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Individu_Orangutan Kegiatan 9980 99.9 5 .1 9985 100.0 Individu_Orangutan Kegiatan Crosstabulation Aktifitas Harian Total Makan Bergerak Istirahat Sosial Individu Orangutan Betina_Dewasa 71.3 16.9 9.8 2.0 100.0 Betina_Remaja 59.1 25.6 9.5 5.8 100.0 Jantan_Remaja 65.7 17.7 15.7 .9 100.0 Total 65.0 21.0

10.4 3.6