7. Perilaku harian orangutan Sumatera di Stasiun Penelitian Hutan Batang Toru Bagian Barat meliputi aktifitas makan 65, bergerak 21, istirahat 10,4 dan
sosial 3,6.
5.2. SARAN Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah:
1. Perlu dilakukan penelitian pengaruh musim terhadap perilaku makan di Kawasan Hutan Batang Toru Bagian Barat sehingga fluktuasi produktifitas
tumbuhan dan pengaruh perubahan iklim diketahui. 2. Perlu dilakukan penelitian yang berkaitan dengan asupan dan pengeluaran
energi yang terjadi pada orangutan guna mengetahui kebutuhan makanan orangutan.
3. Perlu dilakukan upaya perlindungan dan dukungan dari pemerintah Tapanuli Selatan, Tapanuli Tengah dan Tapanuli Utara, Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat
dan masyarakat setempat terhadap habitat orangutan di Batang Toru, karena merupakan salah satu unit habitat terakhir orangutan di Selatan Danau Toba
yang terancam akibat aktifitas pertambangan, ilegall logging dan pembukaan lahan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ancrenaz, M., Marshall, A., Goossens, B., van Schaik, C.,Sugardjito, J., Gumal,
M and Wich, S. 2007. Pongo pygmaeus In Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN Publications. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
Delgado, R. and van Schaik, C.P. 2000. The Behavioural Ecology and Conservation of the Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus: A Tale of Two Islands.
Journal Evolutionary Anthropology. 9: 201 –218
.
Dodjoasmoro, R., Simanjuntak, C.N., Wibowo, T., Sanul., Lase, T., Pardosi, B. 2001. Survey Orangutan di Cagar Alam Dolok Sibual-buali dan Cagar
Alam Dolok Sipirok Tapanuli Selatan. Laporan Survey. Tidak Dipublikasikan.
Djojoasmoro, R. 2003. Sebaran dan Aktivitas Orangutan Sumatera di Cagar Alam Dolok Sibual-buali Tapanuli Selatan Sumatera Utara. Laporan Penelitian.
Program Studi Biologi Program Pasca Sarjana FMIPA Universitas Indonesia: Depok.
Fox, E.A., van Schaik, C.P., Sitompul, A and Wright, D.N. 2004. Intra-and Interpopulational Differencesin Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus Activity and
Diet: Implications for the Invention of Tool Use. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 125: 162
–74. Fredriksson, G.M. 1995. Reintroduction of Orangutans: A New Approach, A
Study on the Behaviour and Ecology of Reintroduced Orangutans in the Sungai Wain Nature Reserve, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. MSc. [Thesis].
Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
Galdikas, B.M.F. 1978. Orangutan Adaptation at TanjungPuting Reserve, Central Borneo. Ph. D. [Thesis]. Los Angeles: University of California
.
Galdikas, B.M.F. 1984. Adult Female Sociality Among Wild Orangutans at Tanjung Puting Reserve. In M.F. Small, ed., Female Primates: Studies by
Women Primatologists,pp. 217 –35. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York
.
Galdikas, BMF. 1984. Adaptasi Orangutan di Suaka Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan Tengah. UI-Press: Jakarta.
Galdikas, B.M.F. 1986. Adaptasi Orangutan di Suaka Tanjung Puting Kalimantan Tengah. UI Press: Jakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Galdikas, B.M.F. 1988. Orangutan Diet, Range, and Activity at Tanjung Puting, Central Borneo. International Journal of Primatology 9: 1
–35
.
Galdikas, B.M.F. and Briggs, N. 1999. Orangutan Odyssey. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. New York.
Groves, CP. 1999. The Taxonomy of Orangutans. In: C.Yeager ed. Orangutan Action Plan. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington.
Groves, C.P. 2001. Primate Taxonomy. Smith Sonian Institution Press. Washington DC.
Harrison, M.E. 2009. Orangutan Feeding Behaviour in Sabangau, Central Kalimantan. [Disertation]. University of Cambridge: Massachusetts.
Helen, C. Morrogh-Bernard., Simon, J., Husson., Cheryl, D., Knott.,Serge. A. Wich., Carel P. van Schaik., Maria, A., van Noordwijk.,Isabelle.,
Lackman-Ancrenaz., Andrew, J., Marshall., Tomoko, Kanamori., Noko Kuze and Ramlan bin Sakong. 2009. Orangutan Activity Budgets and Diet
A Comparison Between Species, Populations and Habitats. International Journal Primatol. 8: 119-133.
Knott, C.D. 1998. Changes in Orangutan Caloric Intake, Energy Balance, and Ketones in Response to I Uctuating Fruit Availability. International
Journal of Primatology. 19: 1061 –79.
Knott, C.D. 1999. Reproductive Physiological and Behavioural Responses of Orangutans in Borneo to I Uctuationsin Food Availability. Ph.D [Thesis].
Harvard University. Cambridge. MA.
Krisdijantoro A. 2007. Analisis Pola Penggunaan Ruang dan Waktu Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus Linneaus, 1760 di Hutan Mentoko Taman Nasional
Kutai Kalimantan Timur. [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. Kuncoro, P., Sudaryanto., Yuni. L.P.S.K. 2008. Perilaku dan Jenis Pakan
Orangutan Kalimantan Pongo pygmaeus Linneaus, 1760 Di Kalimantan. Jurnal Biologi XI. 2: 64-69.
Kuswanda, W. 2006. Status Terkini dan Ancaman Fragmentasi Habitat Orangutan Sumatera Pongo abelii di Kawasan Hutan Batang Toru : Studi
Kasus Cagar Alam Sibual-buali. Balitbang Kehutanan Sumatera. Departemen Kehutanan. Kertas Kerja D
isampaikan dalam ”Workshop Masa Depan Habitat Orangutan Sumatera dan Pembangunan di Daerah
Aliran Sungai Batang Toru” Sibolga, 17-18 Januari 2006. Kuswanda, Wanda. 2007. Ancaman Terhadap Populasi Orangutan Sumatera.
Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Aek Nauli-Parapat-Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. Vol. IV No. 4.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lamounier, Y., Purnajaya and Setiabudi. 1987. International Map of Vegetation and Environmental Conditions: Northern Sumatra, Scale 1:1.000.000.
Institut de la Carte Internationale du Tapis Végétal and SEAMEO- BIOTROP. Toulouse and Bogor.
MacKinnon, J.R. 1972. The Behaviour and Ecology of the Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus With Relation to the Other Apes. University of Oxford.
Oxford. [Thesis]. Ph.D. tidak dipublikasikan. MacKinnon, J.R. 1974. The Behaviour and Ecology of Wild Orangutans Pongo
pygmaeus. Animal Behaviour. 22: 3 –74.
Mackinnon, J.R. 1985. Orangutan. Dalam: Macdonald, D ed. 1985. Primates. Torstar Books: New York.
Mapple, TL. 1980. Orangutan Behavior. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company: New York.
Meididit, A. 2009. Respon Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii Terhadap Fluktuasi Ketersediaan Buah: Aktivitas Harian, Komposisi Pakan dan
Keberadaan Keton Dalam Urin. [Tesis]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia, Program Pascasarjana
.
Meijaard, E., H.D. Rijksen S.N. Kartikasari. 2001. Di Ambang Kepunahan, Kondisi Orangutan Liar di Awal Abad Ke-21. Publikasi the Gibbon
Foundation Indonesia:Jakarta. Mitani, J.C. 1989. Orangutan Activity Budgets: Monthly Variations and The
Effects of Body Size, Parturition and Sociality. American Journal of Primatology. 18: 87
–100. Moen, A.N. 1973. Wildlife Ecology. W.H. Freeman and Co. San Fransisco.
Morrogh-Bernard, H.C., S.J. Husson., C.D. Knott., S.A. Wich., C.P. van Schaik.,
M.A. van Noordwijk., I.L. Ancrenaz., A.J. Marshall., T. Kanamori., N. Kuze R. Bin Sakong. Orangutan Activity Budgets and Diet. 2009.
Dalam: Wich, S.A., S.S.U. Atmoko., T.M. Setia C.P. van Schaik eds.. 2009. Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and
Conservation. Oxford University Press Inc: New York.
Morrogh-Bernard H., Husson S. and McLardy C. 2002. Orangutan Data Collection Standardisation. LSB Leakey Foundation Orangutan Culture
Workshop. February. San Anselm. California. Perbatakusuma, EA., Supriatna, Jatna., Siregar, Rondang, S.E., Wurjanto., Didy.,
Sihombing, Luhut., and Sitaparasti, Dhani. 2006. Mengarustamakan Kebijakan Konservasi Biodiversitas dan SistemPenyangga Kehidupan di
Kawasan Hutan Alam Sungai Batang Toru Provinsi Sumatera Utara.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Laporan Teknik. Program Konservasi Orangutan Batang Toru. Conservation International Indonesia
–Departemen Kehutanan. Pandan. Perbatakusuma, EA., Siregar, RS., Siringo Ringo, J.B., Panjaitan, L., Wurjanto,
D., Adhikerana, A. and Sitaparasti, Dhani. 2007. Membangun Kolaborasi Strategi Konservasi Habitat Orangutan Sumatera di Ekosistem Batang
Toru. Laporan Loka karya Para Pihak. Conservation International –
Departemen Kehutanan. Sibolga. Population and Habitat Viability Assessment. 2004. Orangutan. Laporan Akhir
Workshop tanggal 15-18 Januari 2004. Jakarta. Primack, R.B., Supriatna, J., Indrawan., Kramadibrata, P. 1998. Biologi
Konservasi. Yayasan Obor Indonesia: Jakarta. Ramadhan, A. 2008. Evaluasi Perubahan Pola Perilaku Makan Pada Orangutan
Pongo pygmaeus morio di Pusat Reintroduksi Orangutan Borneo Orangutan Survival BOS Wanariset-Samboja Kutai Kartanegara,
Kalimantan Timur. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Rijksen, H.D. 1978. A Field Study on Sumatran Orangutans Pongo pygmaeus abelii, Lesson 1827: Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation. H. Veenman
and Zonen. Wageningen. The Netherlands. Rijksen, H.D. and Meijaard, E. 1999. Our Vanishing Relative: The Status of Wild
Orangutans at The Close of The Twentieth Century. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht
.
Robertson, J.M.Y. and van Schaik, C.P.2001. Causal Factors Underlying the Dramatic Decline of the Sumatran Orangutan. Oryx.
Rodman, P.S. 1977. Feeding Behavior of The Orangutans of The Kutai Nature Reserve, East Kalimantan. In T.H.Clutton-Brock, ed., Primate Ecology:
Studies of Feeding and Ranging Behavior in Lemurs, Monkeys and Apes. pp. 383
–413. Academic Press. London. Rodman, P.S. 1979. Individual Activity Pattern and The Solitary Nature of
Orangutans. In D.A. Hamburg and E.R. McCown, eds, The Great Apes, pp. 234
–55. BenjaminCumings. Menlo Park. CA. Rodman, P.S. 1988. Diversity and Consistency in Ecologyand Behavior. In J.
Schwartz, ed., Orangutan Biology,pp. 31 –51. Oxford University Press,
Oxford. Rodman, P.S. 1999. Primatology, The Place of Primates in Contemporary
Anthropology. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Russon, A.E., Handayani, D.P., Kuncoro P. and Ferisa, A. 2007. Orangutan Leaf- Carrying For Nest Building: Unravelling Cultural Processes. Animal
Cognition.10: 189 –202.
Rowe, N. 1996. The Pictorial Guide to The Living Primates. Pogonias Press: East Hampton-New York.
Simorangkir, R.H., Mansjoer, S.S., Bismark, M. 2009. Struktur dan Komposisi di Habitat Orangutan Liar Pongo abelii, Kawasan Hutan Batang Toru,
Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Primatologi Indonesia. Vol. 6 No. 2 Desember 2009. p.10-20.ISSN: 1410-5373. Pusat Studi Satwa Primata, Institut
Pertanian Bogor.
Sinaga, T. 1992. Studi Habitat dan Perilaku Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus abelii di Bahorok Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser. [Thesis]. Bogor: Institut
Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana. Singleton, I. 2000. Ranging Behaviour and Seasonal Movements of Sumatran
Orangutans Pongo pygmaeus abelii in Swamp Forests. [Disertation]. The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent.
Canterbury.
Siringoringo, JB., Sihombing, L. and Perbatakusuma. 2007. Kebijakan Makro Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Mendukung Konservasi
Habitat Orangutan Sumatera di Kawasan Hutan DAS Batang Toru. Makalah Disampaikan dalam Lokakarya Membangun Kolaborasi Para
Pihak dalam Strategi Konservasi Habitat Orangutan Sumatera dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Masyarakat Berkelanjutan di Daerah Aliran
Sungai Batang Toru
” pada tanggal 28–30 Maret 2007 di Medan. Soehartono, T., H.D, Susilo., N, Andayani., S.S.U, Atmoko., J. Sihite., C. Sales
A, Sutrisno. 2007. Strategi dan Rencana Aksi Konservasi Orangutan Indonesia 2007-2017. Direktorat Jenderal Perlindungan Hutan dan
Konservasi Alam. Deparatemen Kehutanan. Indonesia.
Suhud, M. C, Saleh. 2007. Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Habitat Orangutan. WWF-Indonesia. Jakarta.
Supriatna, J.
E.H, Wahyono.2000.
Panduan Lapangan
Primata Indonesia.Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta.
Tilson, R.L., Seal, U.S., Soemarna, K., Ramono, W.S., Sumardha, E., Poniran, S., van Schaik, C., Leighton, M., Rijksen, H. and Eudey. A. eds. 1993.
Orangutan Population and Habitat Viability Analysis Report. Unpublished Report for PHPA Based on The Workshop Held in Medan, Sumatra,
Indonesia in January 1993. IUCN SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Utami, S.S., S.A, Wich, E.H.M, Sterck . van Hooff. 1997. Food Competition Between Wild Orangutan in Large Fig Trees. Int. J. Primatol. 186: 909-
927.
Utami, S.S., and van Hooff, JARAM. 1997. Meat-Eating By Adult Female Sumatran OrangutansPongo pygmaeus abelii. American Journal of
Primatology. 43: 156 –65.
van Schaik, CP. 2006. Diantara orangutan Kera merah. Yayasan Penyelamatan Orangutan Borneo. Jakarta.
van Schaik, CP., Ancrenaz, M., Djojoasmoro, R., Knott, CD., Morrogh-Bernard HC., Nuzuar, Odom, K,Utami, Atmoko., van Noordwijk, MA. 2009a.
Orangutan Cultures Revisited. In: Wich, SA.,Utami, Atmoko., Mitra, Setia T., van Schaik, C eds. Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral
Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, New York. 299 –310
Wich, SA and Geurts, ML. 2002. Conservation Opportunities for The Sumatran Orangutan South of Lake Toba, Utrecht University, Behavioural Biology.
The Netherlands. Wich, S.A., M.L. Geurts., T.M. Setia S.S.U. Atmoko. 2006a. Influence of Fruit
Availability on Sumatra Orangutan Sociality and Reproduction. Dalam: Hohmann, G., M.M. Robbins C. Boesch eds.. 2006. Feeding Ecology
in Apes and Other Primates. Cambridge University Press. Massachusetts: 337-358.
Yamagiwa, J. 2004. Diet and Foraging of The Great Apes: Ecological Constraints on Their Social Organizations and Implications for Their Divergence.
Dalam: Russon, A.E. D.R. Begun, eds.. 2004. The Evolution of Thought: Evolutionary Origins of Great Apes Intelligence. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
Yamagiwa, J Basabose, AK.2006. Diet and Seasonal Changes in Sympatric Gorillas and Chimpanzees at Kahuzi-Biega National Park. Journal
Primates. 47: 79 –90
.
Zulfa, Asri., T.M. Setia., S.S.U. Atmoko E.R. Vogel. 2010. Dietary Preference and Nutrition in Orangutans at The Tuanan Field Station, Cental
Kalimantan. Association for Tropical Biology and ConservationATBC. V-58-11: 182.
Zulfa, Asri. 2011. Perilaku Makan dan Kandungan Nutiren Makanan Orangutan Sumatera Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827 Di Stasiun Penelitian Ketambe,
Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Nanggro Aceh Darussalam. [Tesis]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia, Program Pascasarjana.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 1. Peta Jalur Penelitian di Stasiun Penelitian Hutan Batang Toru Blok Barat Tapanuli Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 2. Tabulasi Data
No Individu Jam
Kegiatan Item
Jenis Tinggi Kanopi meter
1 Beta
7.44 F
Fr Syzigium sp.
20 2
Beta 7.46
F Fr
Syzigium sp. 20
3 Beta
7.48 F
Fr Syzigium sp.
20 4
Beta 7.5
F Fr
Syzigium sp. 20
5 Beta
7.52 F
Fr Syzigium sp.
20 6
Beta 7.54
M 20
7 Beta
7.56 F
Pith Frecinetia sp.
20 8
Beta 7.58
F Pith
Frecinetia sp. 20
9 Beta
8 F
Pith Frecinetia sp.
20 10
Beta 8.02
F Pith
Frecinetia sp. 20
11 Beta
8.04 F
Fl Frecinetia sp.
20 12
Beta 8.06
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
13 Beta
8.08 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 14
Beta 8.1
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
15 Beta
8.12 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 16
Beta 8.14
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
17 Beta
8.16 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 18
Beta 8.18
F Pith
Frecinetia sp. 20
19 Beta
8.2 F
Pith Frecinetia sp.
20 20
Beta 8.22
M 20
21 Beta
8.24 F
Pith Frecinetia sp.
20 22
Beta 8.26
F Pith
Frecinetia sp. 20
23 Beta
8.28 R
20 24
Beta 8.3
M 20
25 Beta
8.32 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 26
Beta 8.34
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
27 Beta
8.36 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 28
Beta 8.38
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
29 Beta
8.4 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 30
Beta 8.42
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
31 Beta
8.44 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 32
Beta 8.46
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
33 Beta
8.48 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 34
Beta 8.5
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
35 Beta
8.52 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 36
Beta 8.54
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
37 Beta
8.56 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 38
Beta 8.58
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
39 Beta
9 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 40
Beta 9.02
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
41 Beta
9.04 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 42
Beta 9.06
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
43 Beta
9.08 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 44
Beta 9.1
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
Universitas Sumatera Utara
45 Beta
9.12 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 46
Beta 9.14
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
47 Beta
9.16 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 48
Beta 9.18
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
49 Beta
9.2 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20 50
Beta 9.22
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
51 Beta
9.24 M
20 52
Beta 9.26
F Pith
Frecinetia sp. 20
53 Beta
9.28 F
Pith Frecinetia sp.
20 54
Beta 9.3
M 20
55 Beta
9.32 M
20 56
Beta 9.34
R 20
57 Beta
9.36 M
20 58
Beta 9.38
F Pith
Frecinetia sp. 20
59 Beta
9.4 F
Lv Liana
20 60
Beta 9.42
F Lv
Liana 20
61 Beta
9.44 F
Lv Liana
20 62
Beta 9.46
F Lv
Liana 20
63 Beta
9.48 M
20 64
Beta 9.5
M 20
65 Beta
9.52 M
20 66
Beta 9.54
F Fr
Camnosperma auriculatum 20
67 Beta
9.56 F
Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
15 68
Beta 9.58
M 10
69 Beta
10 F
Lv Cinnamomun iners
20 70
Beta 10.02
F Lv
Cinnamomun iners 20
71 Beta
10.04 F
Lv Cinnamomun iners
20 72
Beta 10.06
F Lv
Cinnamomun iners 20
73 Beta
10.08 F
Lv Cinnamomun iners
10 74
Beta 10.1
M 20
75 Beta
10.12 R
20 76
Beta 10.14
F Pith
Frecinetia sp. 20
77 Beta
10.16 F
Pith Frecinetia sp.
20 78
Beta 10.18
M 20
79 Beta
10.2 M
20 80
Beta 10.22
M 20
81 Beta
10.14 F
Pith Frecinetia sp.
20 82
Beta 10.16
F Pith
Frecinetia sp. 20
83 Beta
10.14 F
Pith Frecinetia sp.
20 84
Beta 10.16
F Pith
Frecinetia sp. 20
85 Beta
10.14 F
Pith Frecinetia sp.
20 86
Beta 10.16
F pith
Frecinetia sp. 20
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 3. Foto Orangutan di Stasiun Penelitian Hutan Batang Toru Blok Barat
Beti estimasi umur 6-10 tahun C estimasi umur 30-40 tahun
Ipank estimasi umur 10-15 tahun Inda estimasi umur 30-40 tahun
Universitas Sumatera Utara
` Gilang Data tidak ada diambil Beta estimasi umur 30-40 tahun
Riti estimasi umur 10-15 tahun
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 4. Foto Pakan Orangutan
Antiaris toxicaria Buah liana
Eurya trichocarpa
Xanthophyllum sp. Ficus sinuate
Bambusa sp3.
Daemonorops sp. Freycinetia imbricata
Syzygium helferi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 5. Daftar Pakan Orangutan Yang Teridentifikasi
No. No. Label
Famili Spesies
1 ZB 01
Pandanaceae Freycinetia sumatrana Hamsky.
2 ZB 02
Pandanaceae Pandanus helicopus Kurz.
3 ZB 16
Pandanaceae Freycinetia imbricata Blume.
4 ZB 17
Pandanaceae Pandanus artocarpus GRIF.
5 ZB 18
Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea sp.
6 ZB 20
Alangiaceae Alangium sp.
7 ZB 22
Orchidaceae Dipodium sp.
8 ZB 23
Fagaceae Castanopsis costata A.DC.
9 ZB 25
Myrsinaceae Melaleuca sp.
10 ZB 27
Moraceae Ficus grossularioides Burm.
11 ZB 29
Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum sp.
12 ZB 30
Orchidaceae Spathoglottis sp.
13 ZB 31
Orchidaceae Dendrobium sp.
14 ZB 33
Arecaceae Daemonorops sp.
15 ZB 34
Sapotaceae Palaquim sp.
16 ZB 35
Myrtaceae Syzygium helferi Duthie.
17 ZB 36
Moraceae Ficus magnoliaefolia Bl.
18 ZB 37
Moraceae Ficus ribes Reinw.
19 ZB 38
Flacourticaceae Hydnocarpus sp.
20 ZB 39
Moraceae Ficus deltoidea Jack.
21 ZB 40
Arecaceae Korthalsia grandis RIDL.
22 ZB 41
Moraceae Ficus fistulosa Reinw.
23 ZB 42
Orchidaceae Cymbidium sp.
24 ZB 43
Pandanaceae Pandanus sp.
25 ZB 44
Arecaceae Calamus caesius Bl.
26 ZB 45
Poaceae Bambusa sp.1
27 ZB 46
Poaceae Bambusa sp.2
28 ZB 47
Poaceae Bambusa sp.3
29 ZB 48
Moraceae Ficus sinuata Thunb.
30 ZB 49
Marantaceae Clinogyne sp.
31 ZB 50
Anacardiaceae Dracontomelum mangiferum Bl.
32 ZB 51
Myrtaceae Syzygium cymosa LAM.
33 ZB 52
Moraceae Artocarpus elasticus Reinw.
34 ZB 53
Moraceae Antiaris toxicaria Lesch.
35 ZB 54
Flagellariaceae Flagellaria indica L.
36 ZB 56
Theaceae Eurya trichocarpa Korth.
37 ZB 57
Myrtaceae Syzygium claviflora Roxb.
38 ZB 59
Polygalaceae Xanthophyllum sp.
39 ZB 60
Lauraceae Cinnamomum sp.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40 ZB 80
Sapotaceae Madhuca sp.
41 ZB 3
Moraceae Arthocarpus sp.
42 ZB 4
Araucariaceae Agathis borneensis
43 ZB 5
Sapotaceae Palakium rostratum
44 ZB 6
Sapotaceae Maduca laurifolia
45 ZB 7
Myrsinaceae Labisia sp.
46 ZB 8
Ulmaceae Gironera parfivolia
47 ZB 9
Ulmaceae Gironera subaequalis
48 ZB 10
Anacardiaceae Camnosperma auriculatum
49 ZB 11
Casuarinaceae Gimnostoma sumaterana
50 ZB 12
Fagaceae Lithocarpus sp.
51 ZB 13
Sapotaceae Maduca kunstuleri
52 ZB 14
Fabaceae Parkia speciosa
53 ZB 15
Moraceae Ficus sp.
54 ZB 19
Myrtaceae Syzigium sp.
55 ZB 21
Myrtaceae Rhodomnia sp.
56 ZB 24
Lauraceae Cinnamomun iners
57 ZB 26
Clusiaceae Garcinia sp.
58 ZB 28
Podocarpaceae Dacrydium beccarii
59 ZB 32
Buah legume 60
ZB 55 Liana fog
61 ZB 58
Liana kantong 62
ZB 61 Liana sulur
63 ZB 62
Liana gitan 64
ZB 63 Formicidae
Xenomyrmex sp. 65
ZB 64 Termitidae
Macrotermes sp.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 6. Hasil Statistic Programme for Scientific and Social science ”
SPSS 19,0
A. Crosstabs Aktifitas Harian
Case Processing Summary
Cases Valid
Missing Total
N Percent
N Percent
N Percent
Individu_Orangutan Kegiatan
9980 99.9
5 .1
9985 100.0
Individu_Orangutan Kegiatan Crosstabulation
Aktifitas Harian Total
Makan Bergerak Istirahat Sosial
Individu Orangutan Betina_Dewasa 71.3 16.9
9.8 2.0
100.0 Betina_Remaja 59.1
25.6 9.5
5.8 100.0
Jantan_Remaja 65.7 17.7
15.7 .9
100.0
Total 65.0 21.0
10.4 3.6