32
B. Population and Sample
The population of the research was the eighth grade students of SMP N 3 Sleman the academic year of 20132014. There were two classes of the
eighth grades in the school and the researcher took both of them as the sample of the research. There were six classes and the total number of the
eighth grade students was 192 students. Here, the researcher would use a sampling technique to reduce a large volume of the data. The sample was
selected by means of the cluster random sampling technique. They were class VIII A and VIII B, there were 32 students in each class. The classes
were divided into two groups; they are a control group and a experimental group. VIII A becomes the experimental group and VIII B becomes the
control group. The variables involved in this research were two variables. They were
independent variable and dependent variable. The independent variable was the method of using picture series and text book, while the dependent
variable was the writing skill.
X Y
X: Independent variable Using picture series and text book materials Y: Dependent variable Writing skill
: Influence The hypothesis said that the picture series has an effect on writing
skill. Therefore, the design of the research could be illustrated as follows:
33 Table 2:
The design of the research Pre test
Treatment Post test
Experimental Group O1
X1 O2
Control Group O1
X2 O2
Where: O1 : pre test
X1 : picture series treatment O2 : post test
X2 : textbook
C. Instruments of the Research
In this study, the instrument that used to collect data is an English writing test. The test conducted to collect the data. The data of the research
was in the form of the students’ writing score. This research used a test of writing skill in the form of simple writing
to be used for pretest and posttest. In the pre-test students would be asked to remember and to mention simples’ writing without using picture series.
The writing test used curriculum as the standard that is KTSP. The standard competency of English lesson in writing skill for the
eighth grade in semester one of Junior High School was expressing meaning in short functional text in the form of narrative in daily contexts.
The students involved experimental group and control group. After that the researcher would teach writing by using picture series toward
experimental group only, after giving treatment by using picture series to the students, and the researcher would ask the students to write based on
34 result of their knowledge, while on the control group, the researcher would
ask the students wrote without giving picture series only the material which was given by the researcher.
The instrument was an essay type test. The English writing competences of Junior High School grade VIII is visualized in the table.
Table 3: The English writing competences of Junior High School
Standard of competency
Basic competences Indicators
12. Expressing
meaning of short functional
text and simple essays in daily
life in the form of narrative.
12.2 Expressing meaning of short
functional texts and simple essays in
daily life knowledge usage
accurately, fluently, and understandably
in the form of narrative.
• Students are able to use
correct organization of narrative texts.
• Students are able to use
correct grammatical rules.
• Students are able to find
meaning of unfamiliar words of narrative texts.
• Students are able to use
appropriate mechanics rules in creating a
narrative texts.
• Students are able to
make narrative texts.
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