7 them, and organizing them into statements and paragraphs that will clear to a
reader. 2.
Its purpose is both to express and impress. Writers typically serve two masters: themselves, and their own desires to express an idea of feeling, and
readers, also called the audience, who need to have ideas expressed in certain.
3. It is both a process and a product. The writer imagines, organizes, drafts,
edits, reads, and rereads. This process of writing is often cyclical, and sometimes disorderly. Ultimately, what the audience sees, whether it is an
instructor or a wider audience is a product: an essay, letter, and story or research report.
b. The Process of Writing
In teaching writing, the teachers should focus on writing process because it helps the teachers to understand what the stages should be used in writing
process. Each step has different role in writing process. These are the stages of the writing process.
a. Prewriting
In this stage, the teachers ask the students to prepare and collect their thoughts and ideas. They can do those through reading a passage,
brainstorming, discussing a topic, or clustering. Brainstorming is an activity
8 where the students work together in the group to come up with as many ideas
as they can through discussion. Clustering is an activity where students begin with a key word. Then, they will add some other words using free association.
Harmer 2004:4 also states that when the students want to write, they have to think about three elements. The first element is students have to think
about the purposes of writing before writing a text, such as describing and telling something, reporting, etc. It is because each purpose of writing has
different language use and information. The second one is audience. Audience here means reader. When students want to write a text, they have to think
what the audience is. It can influence choice of language, such as formal or informal. The last is content of structure. In this element, students have to
arrange the ideas, facts, or arguments in order to make a final piece of writing accurately.
Therefore, in prewriting, there are several activities that can be done to collect ideas and prepare to write.
b. Drafting
Brown 2001 states that drafting is an important and complex set of strategies. In this stage, students will develop their ideas and write down
them. The students do not worry about the form or correctness because it is purposed to get the ideas on paper as quickly as possible. Spivey 2006 also
