Validity and Reliability of the Materials

R: “Kondisi belajar seperti apakah yang BapakIbu harapkan dalam program ini EFH? What is learning condition that you expect in this program EFH?” P: “Fun learning.” Open-ended questionnaire transcript 3, Appendix F R: “Sikap guru yang seperti apakah yang BapakIbu harapkan dalam mengajarkan bahasa Inggris kepada putra-putri BapakIbu ? What is teacher’s behavior that you expect to teach your children?” P: “Fun, sabar, playful dan memahami bahwa anak berbeda-beda.Fun, patient, playful, and understanding that each child is different” Open-ended questionnaire transcript 1, Appendix F characteristics which were various, their needs were also different from each other. It is shown in the quotations below. R: Apa output yang BapakIbu harapkan terkait skills kemampuan yang akan didapat putra-putri BapakIbu selama mengikuti program ini? P: Kemampuan bersosialisasi, berani tampil didepan umum, terasah sense musiklagu-lagunya. Open-ended questionnaire transcript 5, Appendix F 3 Teachers’ characteristics The teachers both in FEC and EFH came from English Language Department in the last semester. They had been taught about English for Children, Children Language Acquisition, Children Learning Teaching Methods and Program Development of English for Children. Therefore, they had been trained to be patient, kind, angelic and caring to the children. Those were in line with the parents’ expectation towards EFH teachers, as the following quotation. R: “ Sikap guru yang seperti apakah yang BapakIbu harapkan dalam mengajarkan bahasa Inggris kepada putra-putri BapakIbu? ” P: “Yang ramah dan komunikatif.” Open-ended questionnaire transcript 4, Appendix F R: Based on your opinion, was there any difficulties in delivering those materials to the children? N: The difficulty is on how we modify the materials to be interesting and engaging the children to the topic. Interview transcript 3, Appendix F R: Based on your opinion, was there any difficulty in delivering the materials to the children? T: Yes. When the children are tired it is hard to keep them stay focused. Interview transcript 4, Appendix F 4 Teachers’ needs, lacks and wants Although they had been taught English for Children about how to behave, to teach and to design appropriate materials for children, there were still some needs, lacks and wants found by the researcher during the observation. Those were almost about the limited time to observe the children and to find standard resources in order to design appropriate materials for them based on their needs. It related to the following quotation. R: Did you find any problem in developing the materials by using that approach? What it was? H: Yes, I did. The difficulties are basically because the theme has changed in every meeting so that we have to rush to make a different the materials in every meeting. Interview transcript 3, Appendix F In brief, the result of needs analysis is explained in the following table: Table 11. The result of needs analysis Analysis Children Teachers Charac- teristics They were active, cheerful, noisy, interested to play, curious, loved to try and experience new things , easily to get bored and moody. They had been trained to be patient, kind, angelic and caring to the children. Some of them were shy and quite. Needs - Active children needed activities which were able to make them be active but in proper ways. - Quite children needed activities which could make them work silently, but they also needed to be taught to be active. - Both needed materials which could make them pay attention to the teachers without making them bored. - to prepare the media - to carefully plan the activities - to create cozy rooms for conducting the activities - to decorate the class - to choose appropriate resources of the materials - to fit the materials and activities with the children’s characteristics - to know and observe the children’s behaviour and attitude towards English. Lacks - The active children were difficult to keep silent. - The silent children were reluctant to be actively joined the activities. The teachers were lack of time to search and to design standard materials based on children’s characteristics. Wants They wanted to be able to participate actively in each activity. They wanted to have fun learning activities since it was holidays. - the materials that had been designed was appropriate to the children - the activities that could engage children’s attention and participation

2. The Result of Planning

From the needs survey and needs analysis, the researcher collected the ideas that later on would be applied in the form of course grid. The ideas were about targeted skills, object of the materials, course sequence and the topics of the materials. The targeted skills were adapted from the theories. The objective of