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CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the writer would like to present the description of data which consist of preliminary analysis, the score of both pre-test and post-test
between two classes, experimental and controlled class. Furthermore, the description would be followed by the analysis data and discussion.
A. Finding
Based on explanation in the chapter three, this study used quantitative method with quasi-experimental study. Quasi
– experimental study is similar to experimental research in that one or more experimental variable are involved and
conducted by some treatments. In this study, the writer had four meetings to both experimental and controlled classes. In the first meeting, the writer took pre-test
score as the preliminary analysis to know the homogeneity and normality of the classes. Then, after finished the treatment, the writer took the posttest score. Both
of the data would be presented in the following description.
1. Preliminary Analysis
a Validity and Reliability test
There are 70 questions that conducted in this study as the instrument. But, after the writer have tested the instrument, then there are 51 questions valid. That
consist of multiple choice and matching task. Furthermore, the instrument separated into two part as pre-test and post-test each part have 25 items, 15
multiple choice question and 10 matching task question. The items arranged based on standard competence and basic competence which has been determine. The
grid was to make the items of the test appropriate with the criteria of the research. The following table contained the result of the calculation.
Table 4.1 The Result of Validity of pre-test and Post-test
Table 4.2 The Result of Reliability of pre-test
Table 4.3 The Result of Reliability of pre-test
Based on the description table above, the amount of the subjects were 30 student from each test. So, r
table
was 0.361 for the significant value of p=0.05. The writer found that from 35 question that were tested, for pre-test, there were 26
valid questions and 9 questions were not valid. The valid number were 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35.
Then, there were 25 valid questions and 10 were not valid for the post-test. The valid number were 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35. see appendix.
So, for this try out, the Conbarch’s Alpha was 0. 902 for pre-test and 0.891
for post-test. It means that the instrument not only valid but also reliable.The writer conducted normality and homogenity before analyzing the data with t-test.
Pre-Test Post-Test
Total items tested 35
35 Total subject
30 30
Total significant items 26
25
Reliability Statistics
Cronbachs Alpha
N of Items ,902
35
Reliability Statistics
Cronbachs Alpha
N of Items ,891
35
b Normality
The normality test is performed using Kolmogriv Smirnnov and Shapiro- Walk. It used to determine if the distribution of the data from sample is normal.
The test was done for both classess. Table below show how the data analyzed and interpreted t test the normality data.
- Normality of Pre-test Table 4.4
The Result of Normality Test of the Pre-test
Tests of Normality
Class Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk Statistic
df Sig.
Statistic df
Sig. Score
Experimental Class
.192 22
.074 .931
22 .128
Controlled Class .169
22 .105
.934 22
.149 a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
The table 4.3 was showed both Kolmogorov. Smirnov and Shapiro test. From Kolmogorov. Smirnov showed that sig. value of the pre-test of the
experimental class is 0.074 then sig. value of the pre-test of controlled class is 0.105
. Meanwhile, minimum aplha α value is 0,05 for each sig. value of the pre- test. Therefore, sig value of the pre-test of the experimenta
l class is bigger than α 0.074 0.05 and sig. value of the pre-test of the controlled class also bigger than
α 0.105 0.05, it means that the samples of both classes were from normal distributed population.
In addition, Based on Shapiro. Wilk test, it also showed that sig. α. From
the experimental class 0.128 0.05 and from the controlled class 0.149 0.05. In summary, the classes are normal
- Normality of Post-test Table 4.5
The Result of Normality Test of The Post-test
Tests of Normality
Class Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk Statistic
df Sig.
Statistic df
Sig. Score
Experimental Class
.150 22
.200 .928
22 .109
Controlled Class .201
22 .102
.944 22
.235 a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
The table 4.4 was showed both Kolmogorov. Smirnov and Shapiro test. From Kolmogorov. Smirnovs howed that sig. value of the post-test of the
experimental class is 0.200 then sig. value of the post-test of controlled class is 0.102
. Meanwhile, minimum aplha α value is 0,05 for each sig. Value of the post-test. Therefore, sig value of te post-test of the experimental class is bigger
than α 0.200 0.05 and sig. value of the post-test of the controlled class also bigger than α 0.102 0.05, it means that the samples of both classes were from
normal distributed population. In addition, Based on Shapiro. Wilk test, it also shows that sig.
α. From the experimental class 0.109 0.05 and from the controlled class 0.235 0.05. In
summary, the classes are normal.
- Normality of Gained Score Table 4.6
The Result of Normality Test of Gained Score
Tests of Normality
Class Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk Statistic
df Sig.
Statistic df
Sig. Score
Expeimental Class .173
22 .084
.932 22
.137 Controlled Class
.160 22
.148 .934
22 .146
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
The table 4.4 was showed both Kolmogorov. Smirnov and Shapiro test. From Kolmogorov. Smirnov showed that sig. value of the gained score of the
experimental class is 0.084 then sig. value of the gained score of controlled class
is 0.148 . Meanwhile, minimum aplha α value is 0,05 for each sig. value of the
gained score. Therefore, sig value of the pre-test of the experimental class is bigger than α 0.084 0.05 and sig. value of the gained score of the controlled
class also bigger than α 0.148 0.05, it means that the samples of both classes
were from normal distributed population. In addition, Based on Shapiro. Wilk test, it also showed that sig.
α. From the experimental class 0.137 0.05 and from the controlled class 0.146 0.05. In
summary, the classes are normal.
c Homogeneity
Homogenity test is used to wether the data from two classes have same variant in order that the hypothesis can be tastes by t-test.
- Homoneity of Pre-Test Table 4.7
Test of Homogeneity of Pre-test
Levene Statistic df1
df2 Sig.
Score Based on Mean
.844 1
42 .363
Based on Median .341
1 42
.562 Based on Median and with
adjusted df .341
1 41.327
.562 Based on trimmed mean
.760 1
42 .388
The table gave the information about homogeneity using Levene’s test. It
showed that the rows beased on sig. value based on mean is 0.363 which is above α 0.3630.05. It means that both classes are homogent.
- Homoneity of Post-Test Table 4.8
Test of Homogeneity of Post-test
Levene Statistic
df1 df2
Sig.
Score Based on Mean
.023 1
42 .880
Based on Median .020
1 42
.887
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