writer introduces the object then describe the feature of the object in the description part.
Furthermore, to give more explanation, the Andersons stated that a typical description has an opening paragraph introducing the subject of the description,
followed by a series of paragraphs each describing one feature of the subject. There may also be a final concluding section that signals the end of descri
ption‖.
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In other word, descriptive text consists of two general structures: 1 Identification is introduction part that introduce the object briefly, and 2 description is
explaining part that describe the features of the object one by one.
4. Grammatical Features of Description Text
Descriptive text also has gramatical features that may be characteristic of other text. As the explanation above, in the desriptive text, the writer may describe
not only person but also place and thing to give information and imaginary to readers. According to Buscemi, the grammatical features of descriptive text has
two types; a describing place and thing, those use concrete and proper noun, effective verb including specific details. b describing people it uses not only
physical appearence, action, behaviour but also the writer asking someone about the subject‘s personality, lifestyle, morals, description, and so on.
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On the other hand, Siahaan and Shinoda said that the language features of descriptive are:
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a. Focus on specific participant. The object that is described is specific, in order to give real image to the reader about the object.
b. Use of attributive and identifying processes. c. Frequent use of adjectives and classifiers in nominal group. The adjective is
used in order to give the reader clear image about the object when they read a text, it can be situation, the characteristic, and the personalities.
16
Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English 3 Sydney: Macmillan, 2003, p.26.
17
Santi V. Buscemi, A reader for developing Writer, Fifth Edition New York:McGraw- Hill,2002, p. 263-264, 267.
18
Siahaan,op. Cit., p. 89.
d. Use of simple present tense. The descriptive text is text that describe factual object. It means that It have to use simple present tense, except the object was
died or extinct. Furthermore, according to the Andersons descriptive text also has
linguistic feature. There are verb in the present tense, adjective to describe the features of the subject, then topic sentence to begin paragraphs and organize the
various aspects of the description.
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In summary, reading descriptive text, readers must pay attention to the grammatical features that may be distinguised from other
kind of text. They are focused on specific participants using simple present tense. In Addition, Descriptive text is an apporiate text for students. The text may
explore many new areas in the world of things, people, and event. Then, they also can activate their prior knowledge about something that they have ever known or
heard. Moreover, the students need anticipation with questions or with specific intent.
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They turns to the text with the purpose of what they want to know. It also increase their curiosity to search the answer of questions because they have asked
questiosn as they have gone along. So, the students need to have a way in their reading process to get comprehension.
C. Know, Want and Have Learned K-W-L Technique
1. The Consept of K-W-L Technique
There are many kinds of reading techniques that may be applied in reading text to help students esier to comprehend the text itself. It depends on stud
ents‘ purposes and interest. One of the techniques is Know, Want, and have Learned
K-W-L chart technique. K-W-L Ogle, 1986 is a process in which the teacher models and guides active engagement informational texts. It is a group process
using the knowledge and information students bring to help each other build a better starting place for learning and share the result of their reading.
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19
Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English 3 Sydney: Macmillan, 2003, p.26.
20
John J. DeBoer, Martha Dallamann, The Teaching of Reading, Columbus: Holt, Rinehart,and Winston, Inc: 1964, p.8
21
Camille Blachowicz and Donna Ogle, Reading Comprehension, New York: The Guilford Press: 2008, p. 113.
